加利福尼亚州议员罗·卡纳 (Ro Khanna) 于 12 月 13 日向美国众议院提交了一项法案，该法案将阻止投资者在碳用于增加石油产量的情况下获得碳捕获和封存税收抵免。

该法案几乎没有机会被采纳为法律，但反映出国会在是否以及如何将碳捕获作为应对气候变化的工具方面存在深刻的政治分歧。

这项税收抵免被称为 45Q，允许公司从污染设施中捕获并储存在地下的每吨碳赚取收入。其中包括将碳注入油田，将被困的石油从地下推出，业界称之为 EOR。

卡纳的法案将修改 45Q，取消用于 EOR 的捕获碳的任何信用，环保人士称，这通过促进碳密集型化石燃料行业而违背了碳捕获的目的。

根据全球 CCS 研究所的数据，目前，美国 95% 的碳捕集与封存 (CCS) 容量用于 EOR。

卡纳告诉路透社，“如果这会增加碳排放，那么就不应该补贴[EOR]。” “如果技术进步了，我们可以考虑。”

该法案名为《结束污染者福利以提高石油采收率法案》，由众议院自然资源委员会主席、亚利桑那州的劳尔·格里哈尔瓦和伊利诺伊州的迈克·奎格利共同发起，他们都是像卡纳这样的民主党人。该活动得到了 Food & Water Watch、Sierra Club 和 Sunrise Movement 等 20 个绿色团体的支持。

卡纳希望该法案能够被纳入参议院版本的《重建更好法案》（BBBA），即预算协调法案。众议院于 11 月通过了该法案的版本。

但该条款将与众议院版本截然不同，众议院版本包括对 45 季度信贷的重大扩展。

据媒体报道，包括西弗吉尼亚州参议员乔·曼钦（Joe Manchin）在内的几位参议员一直在讨论取消 45Q 条款，该条款要求设施捕获至少 75% 的碳排放才能符合资格。

“他们走错了路，”卡纳谈到他的参议院同事时说道。

California lawmaker Ro Khanna introduced a bill into the U.S. House of Representatives on Dec. 13 that would prevent investors from securing carbon capture and sequestration tax credits if the carbon is used to boost oil production.

The bill has little chance of being adopted into law, but reflects deep political divisions in Congress over whether and how carbon capture can be used as a tool in the fight against climate change.

The tax credit, known as 45Q, allows companies to earn money for every ton of carbon that they capture off a polluting facility and store underground. That includes carbon injected into oil fields to push trapped oil out of the ground, something the industry calls EOR.

Khanna’s bill would revise 45Q by eliminating any credit for captured carbon used for EOR, which environmentalists say defeats the purpose of carbon capture by promoting the carbon-intensive fossil fuels industry.

Currently, 95% of carbon capture and storage (CCS) capacity in the U.S. is for EOR, according to data from the Global CCS Institute.

“We shouldn’t be subsidizing [EOR] if this is going to be increasing carbon,” Khanna told Reuters. “If the technology advances, we can consider it.”

The bill, titled the End Polluter Welfare for Enhanced Oil Recovery Act, is co-sponsored by Raul Grijalva of Arizona, chair of the House Natural Resources Committee, and Mike Quigley of Illinois, both Democrats like Khanna. It is supported by 20 green groups including Food & Water Watch, the Sierra Club and Sunrise Movement.

Khanna hopes the bill will be adopted into the Senate’s version of the Build Back Better Act (BBBA), the budget reconciliation bill. The House passed its version of the bill in November.

But the provision would be a significant departure from the House version, which includes a major expansion to the 45Q credit.

According to media reports, several senators, including West Virginia’s Joe Manchin, whose vote is needed to pass BBBA, have been discussing eliminating a provision of 45Q that requires facilities to capture at least 75% of their carbon emissions to qualify.

“They’re going the wrong way,” Khanna said of his Senate colleagues.