未来几年，挪威大陆架（NCS）上将有大约2900口油井，但新技术的开发和应用可以为行业和社会节省大量成本。

油井的永久封堵（P&A，即封堵和弃置）占挪威大陆架老旧油气设施停产和拆除成本的一半以上。

目前挪威大陆架上约有2900口油井尚未封堵。当前一半的产量来自过去五年钻探的油井。展望未来，预计每年将钻探100-150口新生产井。与此同时，每年约有30-40口油井被封堵。这就是为什么封堵和停产会产生大量成本的原因。

“在规划新生产井的同时，也要重视老井相关技术的研发，并做好封井和弃井（P&A）的准备工作。这将降低未来封井的成本，”挪威海洋管理局助理局长尼尔斯·埃里克·哈尔德 (Niels Erik Hald) 表示。

新技术和改进技术
封井成本因复杂程度、井龄、油藏以及所采用的技术类型而异。迄今为止，最简单的封井作业成本约为 5000 万挪威克朗，而更复杂的作业成本则超过 10 亿挪威克朗。

“所有油井都必须永久且负责任地封堵。因此，行业必须不断开发新技术和解决方案，以帮助减少永久封堵所需的时间和成本，”哈尔德说道。

降低成本，提高效率
挪威海洋管理局近期启动了一项旨在降低封井和弃井成本并提高效率的工作。其目标包括：

更新技术解决方案概述，包括最新的油井封堵方法以及拆除装置和管道的方法。
基于行业最新数据进行成本分析；
寻找并评估能够简化流程的创新解决方案；
鼓励行业合作，并在运营商和供应商之间分享最佳实践。
挪威海上油气管理局正致力于为新技术的开发、试点和工业应用奠定基础。

“我们希望鼓励行业利用生产许可证提供的研发资金。这些措施对于确保行业能够以可持续的财务方式应对未来的挑战至关重要。这也有利于整个社会，因为78%的成本由挪威政府承担，”哈尔德说道。挪威

政府还获得78%的石油收入。了解更多关于石油税的信息。

There will be about 2900 wellbores on the Norwegian continental shelf (NCS) in the years to come, but development and implementation of new technology can save the industry and society considerable costs.

Permanent plugging (P&A – plugging and abandonment) of wells accounts for more than half of the cost of cessation and removal of old oil and gas installations on the NCS.

There are currently about 2900 wellbores on the NCS that have yet to be plugged. Half of current production comes from wells drilled over the last five years. Going forward, an estimated 100-150 new production wells will be drilled each year. At the same time, about 30-40 wells are plugged on an annual basis. This is why plugging and shutdown involve substantial costs.

"It's important to work on technology associated with older wells, while also planning for P&A when new production wells are being planned. This will reduce the cost of future plugging," says Niels Erik Hald, Assistant Director of the Norwegian Offshore Directorate.

New and improved technology
Plugging costs vary considerably depending on complexity, age, reservoir and the type of technology applied. So far, the costs have varied from about NOK 50 million for the simplest plugging operations, while the more complex operations have cost more than NOK 1 billion.

"All wells must be plugged permanently and responsibly. This is why it's important that the industry continues to develop new technology and solutions that can help reduce the time and costs needed for permanent plugging," Hald says.

Cutting costs and improving efficiency
The Norwegian Offshore Directorate recently initiated an effort that aims to help reduce costs and improve efficiency in P&A. The goals are:

Updated overviews of technological solutions, including the most recent methods for plugging wells and removing installations and pipelines
Cost analysis based on the most recent data from the industry
Finding and evaluating innovative solutions that can make the process easier
Challenging the industry to cooperate and share best practices between operators and the supplier chain
The Norwegian Offshore Directorate is working to establish a basis for new technologies to be developed, piloted and readied for industrial use.

"Here, we want to challenge the industry to use research funding available through the production licenses. Such measures are important to ensure that the industry can face future challenges in a financially sustainable way. This also benefits society at large, because 78 per cent of the costs are covered by the Norwegian State," Hald says.

The State also receives 78 per cent of the petroleum revenues. Read more about petroleum tax.