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近年来，石油和天然气行业严重依赖技术进步来降低钻井和完井成本。这些努力显着改进了竣工等流程。尽管油价几年来首次再次升至 100 美元/桶以上，但该行业仍将继续受益于技术进步。

创新焦点

Liberty Oilfield Services 于 2020 年 12 月接管了斯伦贝谢的北美水力压裂业务，即 OneStim。当时，Liberty 表示，此次收购巩固了其在提供“最具创新性的完井服务和技术套件”方面的地位。给运营商。

Liberty 工程副总裁 Leen Weijers 告诉 Hart Energy 的 E&P，“从扩展到其他几个盆地、与矿山和电缆的垂直整合及其技术创新的角度来看，收购 OneStim 对 Liberty 来说是令人兴奋的。” “在 Liberty，我们在一个名为 digiFrac 的项目中开始了压裂车队的电气化，将斯伦贝谢的电动背面与我们自己的 ST9 电动泵设计相结合。从今年晚些时候开始，这将为我们的客户带来更少的燃料消耗、更低的燃料费用和更低的排放。”

Weijers 还引用了斯伦贝谢用于泵控制和作业执行的软件开发作为 Liberty 目前受益领域的进一步示例。

自页岩油行业首次起飞以来，人们一直在努力创造更大、更致密的裂缝系统，Weijers 表示，Liberty 一直在完成更长的支管，并为此在每个盆地的每支支管英尺中放置更多的支撑剂和液体。

“这项开发的最新进展是使用极其有限的入口处理设计沿一个阶段对更多的穿孔簇进行穿孔，这种设计在满足所有穿孔簇方面更加成功，”他补充道。“这是一种非常经济有效的方法，可以沿井筒产生更多裂缝，提高早期产量并增加一些储量。”

Liberty 旨在降低客户通过各种工具将一桶石油运至地面的成本。 

“对 $/BO 的关注是 Liberty 技术团队工作流程最重要的目标之一，有助于推动我们的行业从更少的阶段节省成本，而有效的更密集的射孔集群有助于提高生产率，因此降低了美元/BO，”Weijers 说。

他指出，过去十年，美国生产一桶石油的成本平均降低了 75%。

针对生产挑战

Tendeka 是另一家注重创新的油田服务公司。该公司向传统和非常规生产商提供服务，并认为这两者都需要持续创新。

Tendeka 负责北美和南美的副总裁 Jim McGowin 告诉 Hart Energy 的 E&P，由于该行业缩减了支出，过去两年、三年里的创新实际上比平时要少。

“就非常规完井硬件的趋势而言，除了各种类型的溶解压裂塞之外，在过去两到三年中几乎没有应用任何创新。推动力仍然是降低成本，”他说。然而，流体领域已经取得了一些有趣的发展，例如，利用无腐蚀性、环保的酸技术来加快射孔作业。此外，EOR 作业中使用环保产品也受到关注。”

McGowin 还强调无线完成是一项重大创新。

“Tendeka 的 PulseEight 动态井下油藏管理系统等无线完井技术改变了行业的游戏规则，并为数字化铺平了道路，”他说。“ulseEight 是世界上第一个可重新部署的无线完成装置，船上已配备控制、电源、监控和通信功能。与固定智能完井相比，操作员可以在任何井中所需深度的电缆上部署 PulseEight，对其进行编程以动态管理具有无限可变性的排水，然后拉出、重新编程并在其他地方重新部署。”

该公司还看到了将完井经验教训应用于具有不同特征的油井的潜力。

“Endeka 在提供先进完井解决方案方面有着悠久的历史，特别是在新钻探的超长水平生产油藏中，”McGowin 说。“然而，在过去的两到三年里，从油藏工程的角度来看，设计理念和吸取的经验教训已成功应用于更短的支管、补救应用、传统和无线通信的注入井。”

排放焦点

魏杰斯和麦高文都指出，减排是服务提供商追求的创新的重要组成部分。 

“过去十年来，我们的行业在成为更好的邻居、减少工作量、延长设备使用寿命以及减少燃料消耗和马力小时排放方面取得了令人难以置信的进步，”魏杰斯说道。

然而，该行业尚未达到其所能达到的极限，这些努力仍将继续。

“未来一段时间我们将继续依赖石油和天然气，但我们必须专注于提高生产效率并以最小的碳足迹优化油藏采收率，而这只能通过进一步创新来实现，” ”麦高文说。

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The oil and gas industry has relied heavily on technological advances in recent years to help bring down the costs of drilling and completions. These efforts have resulted in significant improvements to processes such as completions, among others. Even though oil prices have now risen above $100/bbl again for the first time in several years, the industry will continue to benefit from the technological gains made.

Innovation focus

Liberty Oilfield Services took over Schlumberger’s North American hydraulic fracturing business, known as OneStim, in December 2020. At the time, Liberty said the acquisition strengthened its position in offering “one of the most innovative suites of completion services and technologies” to operators.

“The OneStim acquisition was exciting for Liberty from a perspective of expanding to several other basins, vertical integration with mines and wireline and their technical innovation,” Leen Weijers, Liberty’s vice president of engineering, told Hart Energy's E&P. “At Liberty, we have jumped on the electrification of a frac fleet in a project we call digiFrac, combining Schlumberger’s electric backside with our own ST9 electric pump design. This will deliver reduced fuel consumption, lower fuel bills and lower emissions to our customers starting later this year.”

Weijers also cited Schlumberger’s software development for pump control and job execution as further examples of areas in which Liberty is now benefiting.

Efforts to create larger and denser fracture systems have been underway since the shale industry first took off, and Weijers said Liberty has been completing longer laterals and placing more proppant and fluid per lateral foot in every basin to this end.

“A recent addition to this development has been to perforate more perforation clusters along a stage using an extreme limited entry treatment design that is more successful in catering to all perforation clusters,” he added. “This is a very cost-effective method to create more fractures along the wellbore, boost early production and add some reserves.”

Liberty aims to reduce its customers’ cost of bringing a barrel of oil to the surface through a variety of tools. 

“This focus on $/BO, which is one of the most important goals of Liberty’s Tech Team workflow, has helped push our industry to cost savings from fewer stages, while the effective denser perforation clustering has been instrumental to boost productivity, hence lowering $/BO,” Weijers said.

He noted that over the past decade, the cost to produce a U.S. barrel of oil had been reduced by 75% on average.

Targeting production challenges

Tendeka is another oilfield service firm with a focus on innovation. The company offers its services to both conventional and unconventional producers and sees an ongoing need for continued innovation aimed at both.

Tendeka’s vice president for North and South America, Jim McGowin, told Hart Energy's E&P there had actually been less innovation than usual over the last two the three years as the industry scaled back spending.

“With regard to trends in unconventional completions hardware, there has been little to no innovation applied in the last two to three years, with the exception of various types of dissolving frac plugs. The drive continues to be cost reduction,” he said. “However, there have been some interesting developments in the fluids space, for example, utilizing non-corrosive, environmentally friendly acid technology to expedite perforating operations. Additionally, the use of environmentally friendly products used in EOR operations are getting attention.”

McGowin also highlighted wireless completions as a significant innovation.

“Wireless completions such as Tendeka’s PulseEight dynamic downhole reservoir management system are game changers for the industry and pave the way to digitalization,” he said. “PulseEight is the world’s first redeployable wireless completion with control, power, monitoring and communications already on board. In contrast to a fixed intelligent completion, operators can deploy PulseEight on wireline in any well at the required depth, program it to dynamically manage drainage with infinite variability, then pull, reprogram and redeploy elsewhere.”

The company is also seeing potential to apply the completions lessons learned to wells with different characteristics.

“Tendeka has a long history of providing advanced completions solutions particularly in newly drilled, ultralong horizontal producing reservoirs,” McGowin said. “However, in the past two to three years, the design philosophy and the lessons learned have been successfully applied from a reservoir engineering standpoint to much shorter laterals, remedial applications, injection wells both conventionally and via wireless communications.”

Emissions focus

Both Weijers and McGowin noted emissions reduction as an important component of the innovations being pursued by service providers. 

“The progress our industry has made over the last decade to be a better neighbor, use a smaller footprint for the amount of work we do, extend equipment life and reduce fuel consumption and emissions on horsepower-hour delivered has been incredible,” Weijers said.

However, the industry has not yet reached the limit of what it can achieve, and these efforts will continue.

“We will continue to rely on oil and gas for some time to come, but it is imperative that we focus on improving the efficiency of production and optimize reservoir recovery with a minimal carbon footprint and that can only be achieved with further innovation,” McGowin said.