开展了一项研究和开发项目，研究使用预制泡沫来改善循环蒸汽吞吐（CSS）。现场结果显示了增加石油产量、提高能源效率和降低碳强度的好处。基于这些成果，以延长成熟资产的生产寿命为目标，CSS加泡沫改进的混合技术被纳入哥伦比亚中马格达莱纳谷（MMV）盆地稠油油田开发计划。
CSS 成熟度是 MMV 面临的主要挑战之一。许多油井报告超过 10 个蒸汽循环，石油生产率下降，并且蒸汽循环有缩短的趋势（少于 10 个月）。根据产层和裸眼完井内的渗透率对比，大多数注入蒸汽排出了较高流量的层段。因此，建议在蒸汽循环之前实施预制泡沫的大头注射改进，作为一致性策略的一部分。试点测试的主要目标是展示混合技术的效率，延长蒸汽循环的生产寿命，提高石油采收率，并提高能源效率和碳足迹。
CSS 试点在 Teca-Cocorna 油田的 6 口井中实施（图 1）。
A research and development project was conducted to study the use of preformed foams to improve cyclic steam stimulation (CSS). The field results showed benefits in incremental oil production, improvements in energy efficiency, and reduction in carbon intensity. Based on those outcomes, and with the goal of extending the production life of mature assets, the hybrid technology of CSS plus foam improvements was incorporated into the heavy oil field development plans of the Middle Magdalena Valley (MMV) basin in Colombia.
CSS maturity is one of the major challenges in the MMV. Many wells report more than 10 steam cycles, decreasing oil productivity, and a trend of shorter steam cycles (less than 10 months). Most injected steam drained the higher-flow-capacity intervals based on the permeability contrast within the pay zone and openhole completions. Therefore, the bullhead injection of preformed foam improvements implemented before the steam cycle was proposed as part of a conformance strategy. The main goal of the pilot test was to demonstrate the efficiency of the hybrid technology, extend the production life of steam cycles, increase oil recovery, and improve energy efficiency and carbon footprint.
The CSS pilot was implemented in six wells of the Teca-Cocorna field (Fig.
