A 级：阿尔塔米拉浮式液化天然气 (FLNG) 装置目前正在建设中，预计将运往墨西哥东北部地区塔毛利帕斯州海岸附近的拟建地点。FLNG装置预计将于今年夏天开始运营，并利用德克萨斯州南部管道的现有基础设施。位于墨西哥下加利福尼亚州的 Energa Costa Azul LNG I 项目是目前唯一在建的设施，预计将于 2025 年夏季投产。
B 级：虽然尚未达成 FID，但 Quantum Energy 的墨西哥太平洋工厂持有与其最初两列列车相关的几乎所有 1.25 Bcf/d 产能的销售和购买协议。然而，据 BTU 称，索诺拉州和奇瓦瓦州目前的管道基础设施只能允许一趟列车充分利用，并且需要建设 ONEOK 提议的 Saguaro 连接器管道。
Permian Producers Fancy Larger Piped-gas Exports to Mexico
Permian gas producers fancy adding over 6 Bcf/d of piped-gas exports to Mexico to supply nine proposed liquefaction projects, but the plan is heavily dependent on the build out of additional pipeline capacity south of the border, according to an analyst with BTU Analytics, a FactSet Company.
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Hart Energy
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Permian Basin producers’ dreams of more than doubling piped-gas exports to Mexico to feed nine planned Mexican liquefaction plants continue to be overshadowed by a lack of pipeline transport capacity south of the border.
“If sufficient pipeline infrastructure can be put in place within Mexico itself, these proposed facilities could collectively become a significant driver of U.S. gas exports to Mexico,” BTU Analytics analyst Bailey McLaughlin wrote on April 14 in a blog post.
Even though plans exist to develop 6.1 Bcf/d of Mexican LNG export capacity, many of the planned facilities will face significant headwinds, McLaughlin said.
Mexico, home to sizable oil and gas reserves, continues to suffer primarily from a lack of gas production to cover domestic demand amid state-owned Petroleos Mexicanos’ (Pemex) inability to boost reserves and production.
An abundance of gas production from U.S. shale plays has allowed the North American country to benefit from Mexico’s production woes.
Between April 6 to April 12, 2023, U.S. piped-gas exports to Mexico averaged 5 Bcf/d, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)—about 5% of total U.S. gas production of 100.7 Bcf/d. This compares to about 5.9 Bcf/d for the same week a year ago — 6% of 96 Bcf/d of total production.
Combining U.S. piped-gas exports to Mexico with potential demand tied to the Mexican LNG projects, gas volumes sent to Mexico could reach about 11 Bcf/d.
“However, supply-side solutions are needed for any of these projects to reach fruition,” McLaughlin said. “Due to the often-beleaguered midstream environment in Mexico, the further one gets from the U.S. border and Permian gas, the less reliable the supply needed to feed these facilities becomes.”
The Russia-Ukraine conflict has boosted Europe’s demand for U.S. LNG and led to cargoes being diverted from Asia. A number of new domestic liquefaction facilities under construction — and others approved but not yet in construction — aim to capitalize on robust demand expected in both markets.
“However, an opportunity exists on the North American West Coast to directly target Asian markets,” said BTU Analytics’ McLaughlin. “With ample pipeline capacity to the U.S.-Mexico border and cheap Permian gas desiring an end market, Northwest Mexico is one area poised to potentially fill this niche.”
BTU’s proposed list of LNG facilities in Mexico is split into three tiers based on the likelihood of each reaching final investment decision (FID).
Mexican LNG Facilities. (Source: BTU Analytics)
Tier A: The Altamira floating LNG (FLNG) unit is currently under construction and slated for shipment to its proposed home off the coast of Tamaulipas, a state in the northeast region of Mexico. The FLNG unit is expected to start operations this summer and tap into existing infrastructure on the Sur de Texas pipeline. Energía Costa Azul LNG I, a project in Baja California, Mexico, is the only facility currently under construction and expected online in the summer of 2025.
Tier B: While yet to reach FID, Quantum Energy’s Mexico Pacific facility holds sales and purchase agreements for nearly all of the 1.25 Bcf/d of capacity associated with its two initial trains. However, current pipeline infrastructure within Sonora and Chihuahua states would only allow one train to run at full utilization and would require construction of ONEOK’s proposed Saguaro Connector pipeline, according to BTU.
Tier C: Projects in this tier include Vista Pacifico LNG, Amigo LNG, Lakach FLNG and Salina Cruz LNG, among others. Even though Vista Pacifico has potential due to open capacity on currently operational pipelines, BTU Analytics is less optimistic on projects such as Salina Cruz and Amigo, owing to a lack of existing infrastructure and the facilities being farther downstream.
