随着能源转型超出先前规划的时间表，世界将在未来许多年里需要石油和天然气来补充能源结构。

秉持这一观点，石油和天然气公司继续投资碳氢化合物，同时努力实现可持续发展目标。与此同时，各国正以不同的方式实现能源转型和能源安全。

3 月 11 日，在标普全球剑桥能源周 (CERAWeek) 期间举行的“全球上游的下一步是什么？”战略对话和早餐会上，石油业高管一致认为，石油和天然气很可能在未来许多年内仍将是能源格局的一部分。

Equinor 国际勘探和生产执行副总裁 Philippe Mathieu 指出，转型必须在可负担性和安全性之间取得平衡。

他说：“过渡期需要更多时间才能全面实施。我们将在更长时间内需要更多的石油和天然气。”

这将影响这家总部位于挪威的运营商如何识别其投资机会。例如，Equinor 正在努力发展碳捕获和封存 (CCS) 作为一项业务，同时继续投资其石油和天然气投资组合并实现业务脱碳。

马修说：“总有办法以或大或小的方式实现脱碳。”

Inpex Corp. 净零排放业务主管 Toshiaki Takimoto 表示，在日本，能源安全比可持续发展更重要。即便如此，他补充说，Inpex 仍在努力在供应石油和天然气的重要性与实现可持续发展目标之间找到平衡。

他说，Inpex 在推进其印度尼西亚近海阿巴迪项目的同时，也在寻求合作伙伴协助开展二氧化碳运输项目。

韩国国家石油公司总裁兼首席执行官金东燮表示，韩国的首要任务是能源安全。

韩国国家石油公司正在向海上风电和 CCS 领域拓展业务。谈到 CCS，心态很重要。他说，对于 CCS 项目，不应期望在 5 年内实现盈利。

“你把它看作一项投资。你必须有足够的资金，”他补充道。

韩国国家石油公司还发现了七个深水油田，这些油田可以为该国的能源供应带来急需的碳氢化合物。

他说：“在地缘政治问题上保持独立的最佳方式是在自己的国家生产石油和天然气。这是我们最大的梦想。”国家石油公司正在为半岛深水边界勘探活动寻找合作伙伴。

Vedanta Ltd. 旗下 Cairn Oil & Gas 勘探部门主管 Sam Algar 表示，Cairn 也在寻求合作伙伴关系。“我们的技能各有优势，也各有不足。”

Cairn Vedanta 的缺口在于页岩业务。虽然 Algar 表示他曾在美国从事过页岩油气开采工作，但该公司本身在页岩油气开采方面“相对缺乏经验”。

他说：“资源非常丰富，公司习惯于与人们交谈，不会犯太多错误。有很多关于在页岩气开采上浪费金钱的故事。”

他说，除了寻找公司“对世界上真正尚未充分勘探的地区之一进行勘探”之外，凯恩还计划在印度近海钻探深水勘探井，并且已在进行开发概念工程。

他说：“一旦我们取得成功，我们的目标是尽快开始生产。”他说，公司的目标是将目前的日产量从 10 万桶增至 50 万桶。

“我们认识到我们需要合资伙伴关系和承包商的技能，以便能够快速有效地完成工作。”

全球能源

康菲石油公司首席执行官瑞安·兰斯认为，美国目前的能源领导层了解业务，并且认识到该国的资源。

他在 3 月 11 日的“全球能源前景如何？”全体会议上表示：“这将稍微重新平衡这个系统，认识到我们在美国拥有的资源，其中的天然气部分和石油部分，我们如何能够利用这些资源出口到我们在世界各地的合作伙伴、朋友和盟友，同时也重建能源系统，以便我们能够更加平衡。”

他说，美国需要做的一件大事就是简化其能源相关流程。

“我们必须修复美国现有的系统。这可能是发展能源系统的最大障碍，”他说。

他不仅仅谈论石油和天然气许可。

“传输、道路、桥梁、港口”，并指出在某些情况下，建设基础设施可能需要几十年的时间。“我们必须简化它。”

兰斯对液化天然气持乐观态度。尽管后期市场可能会出现供应过剩的情况，但他预计市场将达到平衡。

道达尔能源公司首席执行官帕特里克·普扬茅在同一会议上表示，公司看到了投资液化天然气的重要性。

“我们爱美国。你们的汽油是世界上最便宜的。你们甚至可以免费给我，”他开玩笑说。

他承认世界需要“更多的天然气、更多的能源和更多的电力”，并表示长期承诺对于负担得起的液化天然气至关重要。

普扬茅还表示，道达尔能源公司打算重返美国湾的勘探活动。

兰斯表示，预计美国石油产量将在本世纪末达到稳定水平，但美国仍然拥有丰富的石油储备和生产技术。

他说：“美国蕴藏着大量资源。我们永远不会在技术方面与这个行业做对，因为我们总能找到办法将资源从岩石中开采出来。”

With the energy transition stretching beyond previously plotted-out timelines, the world will require oil and gas to fuel the energy mix for many more years.

With this view in mind, oil and gas companies are continuing to invest in hydrocarbons while simultaneously working to reach sustainability goals. At the same time, countries are approaching the energy transition and energy security in different ways.

Speaking during the “What’s Next for Global Upstream?” strategic dialogue and breakfast on 11 March at CERAWeek by S&P Global, oil executives agreed oil and gas would likely remain a part of the energy landscape for many years.

Philippe Mathieu, Equinor’s executive vice president for exploration and production international, noted the transition will have to be balanced against affordability and security.

“The transition is going to take more time to be fully implemented,” he said. “We are going to need more oil and gas for longer.”

That will affect how the Norway-based operator identifies its investment opportunities. For example, Equinor is working to develop carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) as a business while it continues to invest in its oil and gas portfolio and in decarbonizing its operations.

“There is always a way to decarbonize in bigger or smaller ways,” Mathieu said.

Toshiaki Takimoto, head of net zero business at Inpex Corp., said energy security is more important in Japan than sustainability. Even so, he added, Inpex is working to find a balance between the importance of supplying oil and gas and reaching sustainability ambitions.

While Inpex is progressing its Abadi project offshore Indonesia, the company is also seeking a partner to assist in a carbon dioxide transport project, he said.

Dong Sub Kim, president and CEO at Korea National Oil Corp. (KNOC), said Korea’s number one priority is energy security.

KNOC is diversifying into offshore wind and CCS. When it comes to CCS, mindset matters. For a CCS project, there shouldn’t be an expectation of achieving profit within 5 years, he said.

“You see it as an investment. You have to have deep pockets,” he added.

KNOC has also identified seven deepwater prospects that could bring much-needed hydrocarbons into the country’s energy supply.

“The best way to be independent on geopolitical issues is to produce oil and gas in your own country. That is the biggest dream we have,” he said. The national oil company is seeking partners for the deepwater frontier exploration activities off the peninsula.

Sam Algar, chief of exploration for Cairn Oil & Gas, Vedanta Ltd., said Cairn is also seeking partnership. “We all have strengths and gaps in our skill sets.”

A gap at Cairn Vedanta is in shale operations. While Algar said he has worked in shale plays in the US, the company itself is “relatively inexperienced” when it comes to shale.

“The resource is enormous,” he said, and the company is “keen to talk to people and not trip over our feet too much. There are a lot of stories about wasting money in shale plays.”

In addition to looking for companies “willing to explore one of the really underexplored places in the world,” Cairn plans to drill exploratory deepwater wells offshore India and is already carrying out development concept engineering, he said.

“Once we have success,” he said, the aim is to begin production as quickly as possible. The company aims to grow from its current 100,000 BOPD to 500,000 BOPD, he said.

“We recognize we need JV (joint venture) partnerships and skill sets from contractors that have the ability to get things done quickly and efficiently.”

Global Energy

ConocoPhillips CEO Ryan Lance believes the current energy leadership in the US understands the business and recognizes the resources within the country.

“It’s rebalancing the system a little bit, recognizing the resources that we have here in the United States, the gas portion of that, and oil portion of that, how we can use that to export to our partners, our friends, our allies around the world, but also reestablish the energy system so that we have more balance,” he said during the “What's Ahead for Global Energy?” plenary session on 11 March.

He said one of the main things that the US needs to do is streamline its energy-related processes.

“We have to fix the system we have here in the US. It’s probably the biggest impediment to growing the energy system,” he said.

And he wasn’t just talking about permitting for oil and gas.

“It’s transmission, roads, bridges, ports,” noting it can take multiple decades to get infrastructure built in some cases. “We’ve gotta streamline it.”

Lance is bullish on LNG. While there may be some oversupply in the market later, he expects the market to reach equilibrium.

TotalEnergies CEO Patrick Pouyanné said during the same session the company sees the importance of investing in LNG.

“We love the US. You have the cheapest gas on the planet. You could even give it to me for free,” he joked.

He acknowledged the world’s need for “more gas, more energy, more electricity” and said that long-term commitments are critical for affordable LNG.

Pouyanné also said TotalEnergies intends to return to exploration in the Gulf of America.

Lance said there is an expectation that US oil production will plateau later this decade but that the country still has enormous reserves and technological know-how to produce it.

“There’s a ton of resource sitting in the US,” he said. “I’d never bet against this industry in terms of technology because we’ll always figure out a way to get the resource out of the rock.”