人工举升:改变我们对油井干预的看法

利用 Gorilla Jack 液压工作台,威利斯顿盆地的一家主要运营商将每口井的停机时间缩短了三周以上。

一台 Gorilla Jack 被安装了一个拉床和一个向下的工作平台。(来源:NewKota)

提出者:

勘探与生产标志

编者注:本文出现在新的 E&P 时事通讯中。请在此处订阅勘探与生产通讯 


所有修井机有什么共同点?从较小的杆式钻机到最大的双鼓大拉机,它们都配有井架。这导致移除游梁泵的表面部件以容纳它们。当风力增强时,这些井架也会出现问题,简单地说,会增加操作复杂性和整体风险。   

修井作业的很大一部分可以归类为轻度补救,这意味着它们不需要使用井架或桅杆设备来执行任务,因为不会拉动多根杆或油管(或两者)。将大马力和重铁带到井口对于光杆、防喷器、填料箱更换或浅层捕捞等操作来说是过度杀伤性的,也是明显不负责任的。同样的前提也适用于油井优化策略,例如下井下泵、提供化学冲洗和重新安装。运营商往往忽视纯粹基于成本或资产可用性的主动优化工作。在这些情况下,就设备而言,少即是多。      

液压工作台,例如 NewKota 的 Gorilla Jack,在设计时没有井架,并且考虑到了 ESR 原理。上面列出的这些工作类型可以通过占地面积更小的设备设计、更少的现场人员和更低的马力/更高效的发动机来驱动液压系统来完成,而这些都是 NewKota 的 Bakken 客户一直要求的。 

随着精益举措继续成为常态,为过去 50 年几乎没有创新的服务领域提供效率,促使 NewKota 团队进行了两年多的研发。凭借紧凑的设计,同时能够向上拉 75,000 磅(通过滑动/模具机构),在很短的时间内即可完成井口上和下的操作,还允许一次接触更多的井天。小于 80 马力的甲板发动机或液压动力装置 (HPU) 意味着更少的油耗、更清洁的排放和更低的分贝水平。 

听到客户对高空作业和坚持较小占地面积的担忧后,Gorilla Jack V2.0 拥有一个集成升降平台,满足所有必要的 OSHA 标准,并且在拆除缰绳时无需使用单独的铲斗车。     

案例分析

威利斯顿盆地的一家主要运营商经历了一系列光杆故障。一些分离的杆仍留在地面,另一些则深达 40 英尺。从后勤角度来看,操作员很难使用传统方法迅速处理每口井,导致估计需要 30 多天的时间生产损失。Gorilla Jack 所在的服务利基能够满足这些需求,每条鱼的回收成功率均为 100%,单个操作从开始到结束仅需 4 小时。每口井的停机时间都减少了三周以上。     

高效、安全、清洁的工具

该设备还提供液压支腿,可轻松调节装备高度。这可容纳多种流线配置,并通过手动支腿调节消除不必要的夹点。  

无线遥控器(或腹包)允许操作员自由移动,始终获得安全操作的最佳视角。 

如果操作员选择,切换到全手动液压控制的冗余选项可以在电子设备需要校准时减少停机时间。   

采用 ACERT 技术的先进 Cat Tier 4 Stage IIIB 甲板发动机(或 HPU)可减少碳排放并易于维修。   

当达到客户操作阈值时,自定义数字界面允许设置点或踢出(将拉力设置为 22,000 磅;一旦达到此限制,通过手动超驰重置来控制锁定)。  

千斤顶尺寸经过彻底研究并应用于设计,一旦大猩猩千斤顶就位,即可为井口工作人员提供最佳空间。这为使用必要的工具留出了空间,同时达到了杆操作开始时所施加的力的必要工程标准。   

随着大宗商品价格上涨,压裂活动的增加是不可避免的。偏置井保护的概念也将随之兴起。无论是软装置还是真正的油井悬挂装置,以减轻交叉通信问题,提供起重机、钻机和/或斗车之外的选项,使该技术能够跨越行业的完井和生产领域。


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原文链接/hartenergy

Artificial Lift: Changing How We Think About Well Interventions

Utilizing the Gorilla Jack hydraulic table, downtime for each well was negated by upward of three weeks for a major operator in the Williston Basin.

A Gorilla Jack is rigged in with a pulling table and work platform down. (Source: NewKota)

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What do all workover rigs have in common? From the smaller rod rigs to the largest double-drum big-pullers, they all stand a derrick. This results in the removal of surface parts of the beam pump to accommodate them. These derricks also become problematic when the winds increase and, simply put, elevate operational complexity and overall risk.   

A good portion of workover operations can be classified as light remedial, which means they don’t require the use of a derrick or masted apparatus to perform the task because multiple stands of rod or tubing (or both) are not being pulled. Bringing big horsepower and heavy iron to the wellhead is overkill and overtly irresponsible for operations like a polish rod, BOP, stuffing box swap or shallow fishing. The same premise applies to well optimization strategies, such as unseating downhole pumps, providing a chemical flush and reseating. Operators tend to neglect proactive optimization efforts based purely on cost or availability of assets. In these instances, equipment-wise, less is more.      

Hydraulic tables, such as NewKota’s Gorilla Jack, are engineered without a derrick and with ESR principles in mind. Those job types listed above can be performed with smaller-footprint equipment designs, fewer men on location and lower horsepower/ more efficient engines to drive the hydraulics—all things NewKota’s Bakken clients have been requesting. 

As lean initiatives continue to be the norm, offering efficiency in a service segment that has seen little innovation in the past 50 years, prompted two-plus years of R&D by the NewKota team. With a compact design, all whilst having the ability to pull upward of 75,000 lb (via a slip/die mechanism), maneuvering on and off the wellhead is done in a fraction of the time, also allowing more wells to be touched in a single day. A less than 80-hp deck engine, or hydraulic power unit (HPU), means less fuel consumption, cleaner emissions and reduced decibel levels. 

Having heard client concerns about working at height and holding to the smaller footprint mantra, Gorilla Jack V2.0 has an integrated lifting platform that meets all necessary OSHA standards and avoids the need for a separate bucket truck when removing the bridle.     

Case study

A major operator in the Williston Basin experienced a rash of polish rod failures. Some of the parted rod(s) remained at surface and others fell as deep as 40 ft. Logistically, it was going to be difficult for the operator to have each well addressed promptly using conventional methods, resulting in an estimated 30-plus days of lost production. The service niche in which the Gorilla Jack exists was able to address those needs with a 100% success rate retrieving each fish and individual operations running as short as 4 hours from start to finish. Downtime for each well was negated by upward of three weeks.     

Efficient, safer and cleaner tools

This equipment also provides hydraulic legs for easy adjustment on rigup height. This accommodates a multitude of flowline configurations and removes unnecessary pinch points with manual leg adjustments.  

A wireless remote control (or belly pack) allows the operator to move about freely, always achieving the optimal viewpoint for safe operations. 

The redundancy option of switching to full manual hydraulic controls, should the operator choose, provides less downtime when electronics need to be calibrated.   

Advanced Cat Tier 4 Stage IIIB deck engines (or HPUs) with ACERT technology providing fewer carbon emissions and ease of service.   

A custom digital interface allows for set points or kick-outs when client-operating thresholds are reached (set pull weight at 22,000 lb; once this limit is reached, controls lock with a manual override to reset).  

Jack dimensions have been thoroughly researched and applied to the design, providing optimal space for personnel when working on the wellhead once the Gorilla Jack is in place. This allows room for the requisite tools to be used all while achieving the necessary engineering standards for the forces being applied when rod manipulation commences.   

As commodity prices rise, an increase in fracturing activity is inevitable. The concept of offset well protection will see an uptick accordingly. Whether it is a soft-set or a true well suspension to mitigate cross-communication issues, providing an option other than a crane, rig and/or bucket truck allows this technology to straddle both the completion and production segments of the industry.


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