当提到美国本土 48 个州的石油和天然气行业时，业内人士有时会称之为“本土 47 个州”。他们认为没有理由将加利福尼亚州也包括在其中。

石油和天然气生产商长期以来一直对加州严格的运营制度和对气候进步的关注表示不满。对于化石燃料生产商来说，一旦开始剥去层层外衣，加州可能看起来更像是镀金的黄铜。

尽管加州拥有丰富的陆上和海上石油和天然气储量且常规钻井成本相对便宜，但获得加州钻井和再完井项目许可的难度却越来越大。

When referring to the U.S. Lower 48 oil and gas sector, industry insiders will sometimes call it “the Lower 47.” They see no reason to include California in the mix.

Oil and gas producers have long lamented the Golden State’s stringent operating regime and focus on climate progress. For a fossil fuel producer, the Golden State may look more like gilded brass once you start peeling back the layers.

Despite the state’s bountiful onshore and offshore oil and gas reserves and relatively cheap conventional drilling costs, it’s become increasingly difficult to obtain permits for drilling and recompletion projects in California.