人工智能/机器学习

案例研究:基于人工智能的IOCaaS现场部署推进人工举升和流量保障

实例表明,由人工智能驱动的集成运营中心即服务 (IOCaaS) 模型如何在加拿大降低了 5% 的成本,并提高了 6% 的产量。

加拿大油井。图片来源:Getty Images。
加拿大的油井。
图片来源:Getty Images。

上游运营的数字化转型长期以来一直被寄予厚望,有望提高效率和正常运行时间,但由于系统孤立和基础设施改造成本高昂,传统转型往往停滞不前。集成运营中心即服务 (IOCaaS) 代表了一种新方法,能够快速采用人工智能 (AI)驱动的运营模式,从而替代物理控制室或巨额资本支出。

IOCaaS 提供远程、云端或边缘托管的运营中心,可充分利用现有的现场数据流和领域专业知识。IOCaaS 在北美的早期部署已取得显著成效,包括降低运营成本和提高生产效率。这得益于将高级分析与实时现场数据相结合。

本案例研究展示了由OPX Ai开发的IOCaaS(集成油气即服务)如何在油气田中应用,以优化人工举升和保障流动。讨论内容涵盖关键技术方面、来自雪佛龙康菲石油在加拿大资产的案例、实施时间表以及取得的可量化成果。重点在于如何部署自学习模型和边缘微服务,如何将它们与监控与数据采集(SCADA)系统和数据历史系统集成,以及它们在现场取得的成果。

IOCaaS架构和方法

IOCaaS 将传统运营中心重新定义为一个服务层,它位于运营商现有自动化和 IT 基础设施之上。运营商无需构建集中式的物理控制室,而是订阅模块化的微服务(可以是云端连接,也可以部署在边缘),这些微服务能够持续监控和优化资产。

这些微服务可与现有的SCADA系统、历史数据库和企业资源计划(ERP)数据库对接,也就是说,无需“升级替换”旧系统。来自油井、压缩机、管道和设施的数据流入IOCaaS平台,人工智能驱动的分析将原始读数转化为可执行的洞察。

这种架构(图 1)通常包括:从传感器和 SCADA 系统采集现场数据、用于实时分析的边缘计算层、供工程师使用的云端仪表盘,以及与维护和业务规划系统的集成接口。通过利用现有的现场基础设施,IOCaaS 能够在几周到几个月内(而不是几年)启动集成运营。

图 1——人工智能驱动的集成运营中心即服务 (IOCaaS) 架构示意图,展示了边缘部署的微服务如何与现有的 SCADA/历史数据源和云分析进行交互,从而实现对油井和设施的实时、基于异常的管理。来源:OPX Ai。
图 1 为 AI 驱动的集成运营中心即服务 (IOCaaS) 架构示意图,展示了边缘部署的微服务如何与现有的 SCADA/历史数据源和云分析进行交互,从而实现对油井和设施的实时、基于异常的管理。
来源:OPX Ai。

至关重要的是,IOCaaS 专为异常处理工作流程而设计。无需人员全天候 24 小时盯着屏幕来发现问题,系统即可自主监控每一口油井和每一台设备。只有当检测到异常或次优状况时,工程师和操作人员才会收到警报,从而使团队能够从被动应对转变为主动监控。

在雪佛龙的凯博杜弗内组油田作业和康菲石油的蒙特尼组油田资产中,这转化为一种更精简的运营模式。现场工作人员可以不再关注常规油井,而专注于更高价值的任务,因为他们相信人工智能会识别出异常情况。最终目标是采用一种混合智能方法,该方法既依赖于人类的专业知识,又依赖于人工智能分析的指导。这一框架提高了运营决策的速度和质量。

雪佛龙 Kaybob Duvernay IOCaaS 部署

雪佛龙在艾伯塔省的 Kaybob Duvernay 开发项目为 IOCaaS 提供了一个大型、成熟的资产(拥有传统基础设施)的试验场。

自2020年起,雪佛龙与OPX Ai合作,在数十口天然气井、相关压缩机和中央处理设施中部署IOCaaS(一体化运营即服务)。该部署分阶段进行,历时约12个月,符合运营商在运营资产中谨慎应用新技术的策略。在第一阶段,建立了从现场SCADA系统和历史数据库到云端IOCaaS平台的数据管道。

这包括实时井口压力、压缩机状态、柱塞提升循环次数,甚至还有来自雪佛龙ERP系统的维护工单,所有这些数据都被整合起来,使人工智能能够全面了解运营情况。软件平台开发商的领域专家与运营商的生产工程师紧密合作,根据现场具体情况配置人工智能模型,例如,根据油田的天然气成分和管网调整水合物模型。到2022年初,IOCaaS系统已全面上线,有效地作为该资产的远程运营中心运行。

在流程变更方面,运营商迅速转向了基于异常的管理模式。除了每日的生产电话会议和监控会议外,还增加了IOCaaS仪表盘,仅突出显示偏离预期运行的油井和设施。

例如,一天早上,人工智能系统检测到一口井的柱塞行程速度异常下降,这是液体积聚的细微迹象。这促使操作员在数小时前就采取了干预措施,避免了该井积聚足够多的液体触发自动停机。这种预防措施逐渐成为常规做法。

人工智能人工举升优化器还系统性地减少了多口油井的柱塞气体注入量,从而节省了燃料和压缩机运行时间。在第一年,运营商在凯博布油田的租赁运营费用(LOE)降低了5%,这主要归功于燃料气用量的减少、水合物堵塞修复次数的减少以及计划外油井干预的减少。通过自动化日常优化和预防问题,IOCaaS降低了每桶原油的生产成本。

就生产性能而言,该油田的产量递减曲线比前几年更为平缓。剔除新钻井的影响后,油气当量产量比最初预期高出约6%,这一增长部分归功于持续的提升优化措施,使油井在理想工作点停留的时间比以往更长。

虽然外部因素(即商品价格和设施瓶颈消除)也影响了经济效益,但这家石油公司的内部分析表明,IOCaaS 的实施带来了可衡量的增量价值,包括避免了约 71,000 桶油当量 (BOE) 的延期生产,并在 12 个月内节省了数百万美元的成本。

除了量化结果外,运营商的现场和办公室团队还培养了一种接受人工智能生成建议的企业文化。在实施阶段,运营商要求工程师手动审核并批准每一项人工智能建议的操作,从而确保人工参与其中。

随着模型准确性的不断验证,越来越多的决策实现了自动化。在部署年度末,运营商已允许IOCaaS系统在无需人工直接批准的情况下,自主调整某些气举阀设定值并重启压缩机(在安全范围内)。

这种渐进式的交接展示了一条通往真正自主的道路,这条道路是通过建立对人工智能的信心来实现的。

雪佛龙的经验也凸显了集成方面的挑战,包括映射大量的SCADA标签以及清理多年历史数据以进行培训。技术难题需要付出努力,但无需暂停运营。由于IOCaaS叠加在运行的系统之上,因此大部分设置和培训工作都与正常的生产活动并行进行。

康菲石油公司蒙特尼资产IOCaaS部署

与雪佛龙分阶段实施模式不同,康菲石油公司在其蒙特尼非常规油气资产项目中,在相对较短的时间内采用了IOCaaS模式。蒙特尼项目位于不列颠哥伦比亚省,涉及多井平台开发,从启动到全面部署仅用了4个月时间。

促成这一快速进展的因素有很多。首先,运营商拥有“绿油田”的数字化基础设施优势。蒙特尼油田的设施较新,已配备现代化的标准化SCADA系统和数据历史记录器,简化了集成过程。其次,软件开发商借鉴了Kaybob和其他项目的配置和经验,部署了一套根据运营商需求定制的模板化解决方案。因此,蒙特尼油田的运营团队在大约120天内就拥有了一个功能完善的IOCaaS门户,用于监控其油井和集输网络。

蒙特尼油田的重点领域略有不同。虽然蒙特尼油田的初期油井采用了人工举升优化技术(即气举),但更紧迫的问题是严酷的冬季气候下保证油气流动和设施正常运行时间。IOCaaS(一体化运营即服务)系统用于监测水合物状况、压缩机性能以及管道内的液体负荷。

项目首个冬季一月份,气温骤降,该系统的水合物风险模型发挥了重要作用,它提醒团队在两个关键的瓶颈处注入甲醇。这避免了可能发生的冻结。现场操作人员表示,通常情况下,他们不会在这些点提前进行加药,因为当时地表水合物的迹象还不明显。

相比之下,人工智能模式识别模型能够捕捉到细微的压力波动和冷却趋势等人工难以察觉的迹象。此外,旋转设备(例如气体压缩机)也处于人工智能的监控之下,以便及早发出故障预警。

至少有一次,人工智能检测到压缩机的振动特征和排气压力趋势出现异常,从而触发了受控停机检查。这避免了可能导致数天停机的持续运行直至故障的情况。

经过四个月的运营,康菲石油公司看到了显著的效益。即使只有不到一年的数据,蒙特尼资产团队也计算出,经人工智能优化的油井产量比预期高出3%至4%。

运营商预计,随着更多油井在IOCaaS优化模式下投入运营,产量将提升约6%。由于评估期间未发生与水合物相关的停机事故,停机时间显著减少。这得益于紧急呼叫次数减少和化学品使用效率提高,从而使总运营成本降低了约5%。

早期的成功促使康菲石油公司将IOCaaS覆盖范围扩大到更多油田,并评估其在加拿大另一处资产中的潜在应用。

Montney 的部署案例证明了该方法的可扩展性。通过服务模式交付解决方案,软件开发商复制了传统运营中心的功能(通常需要大约一年的时间才能建立),并在大约三分之一的时间内将其部署到新资产上。这种加速实施为其他希望在不延长项目周期的情况下实现类似成果的运营商提供了一个潜在的框架。

结论

雪佛龙和康菲石油的现场部署表明,IOCaaS模式已超越概念阶段,成为切实可行的解决方案,并带来了可衡量的运营改进。在最初的实施周期中,观察到以下主要成果:

  • 通过提高效率,主要通过减少人工举升系统中的燃料气消耗、优化化学喷射(即仅在需要时使用抑制剂)以及减少计划外干预,实现了大约 5% 的 LOE 降低。
  • 通过持续优化油井,使油井更接近理想运行点,平均油气当量产量提高了约 6%,这在以前是无法实现的。对于大量油井而言,这种累积效应意味着在不进行新钻井活动的情况下,产量显著增加。
  • 主动识别潜在故障和生产中断,避免了约7.1万桶油当量(BOE)的产量损失。及早发现水合物形成和电潜泵故障等问题,有助于保护数百万美元的潜在收入,同时提高资产可靠性和运行安全性。

许多价值提升并非通过大型资本项目或新硬件安装实现的。IOCaaS框架充分利用现有现场传感器和设备,性能提升主要源于数据集成和分析能力的增强。这些成果表明投资回报率很高,这在当前对成本高度敏感的油气行业环境中至关重要。

此外,IOCaaS 并未增加更多仪表盘,而是专注于按异常情况筛选信息,在多个试点项目中将监控效率提高了高达 30%。综上所述,结果表明,这项基于人工智能的技术使工程师能够管理更多的油井,从而在石油和天然气行业持续面临劳动力短缺的情况下,支持资产增长。

Yogashri Pradhan, SPE(高级石油工程师),现任OPX Ai首席增长官。她曾任雪佛龙公司首席生产工程师,在米德兰盆地和特拉华盆地拥有十余年非常规油气资产开发和生产工程经验。她同时也是IronLady Energy Advisors的创始人,该公司是一家专注于能源领域技术解决方案的咨询公司。Pradhan曾荣获德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校石油与地球系统工程系杰出校友称号,并入选Hart Energy“40位40岁以下精英”奖项。她荣获2020年SPE西南北美区域油藏描述与动力学奖和区域服务奖、2018年SPE国际青年会员杰出服务奖,并于2018年被SPE墨西哥湾沿岸分会评为年度青年工程师。普拉丹拥有德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校石油工程学士学位、德克萨斯农工大学石油工程硕士学位以及芝加哥大学布斯商学院工商管理硕士学位。她是德克萨斯州和新墨西哥州的注册专业工程师。

Jai Joon是OPX Ai的创始人兼首席执行官,该公司致力于通过人工智能解决方案,将复杂的运营环境与可执行的智能信息相结合。在创立这家软件开发公司之前,Joon曾在雪佛龙和康菲石油担任工程职务,领导过多个数字化转型项目。他是OPX Ai“集成运营中心即服务”(IOCaaS)模式以及面向北美油井监测和生产优化的AI驱动战略的主要架构师。

原文链接/JPT
AI/machine learning

Case Study: Field Deployments of AI-Based IOCaaS Advancing Artificial Lift and Flow Assurance

Examples demonstrate how an Integrated Operations Center as a Service (IOCaaS) model, powered by artificial intelligence, reduced costs by 5% and increased production by 6% in Canada.

Oil wells in Canada. Source: Getty Images.
Oil wells in Canada.
Source: Getty Images.

Digital transformation in upstream operations has long promised greater efficiency and uptime, but traditional efforts often stall due to siloed systems and expensive infrastructure overhauls. Integrated Operations Center as a Service (IOCaaS) represents a new approach to enable the rapid adoption of an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled operations model that represents an alternative to physical control rooms or large CAPEX investments.

IOCaaS provides a remote, cloud- or edge-hosted operations center that leverages existing field data streams and domain expertise. Early deployments of IOCaaS in North America are yielding results that include lower operating costs and higher production. This has been achieved by combining advanced analytics with real-time field data.

This case study shows how the IOCaaS, as developed by OPX Ai, is applied in oil and gas fields to optimize artificial lift and flow assurance. The discussion examines key technical aspects, case histories from Chevron and ConocoPhillips assets in Canada, implementation timelines, and quantifiable outcomes achieved. The focus is on how self-learning models and edge microservices are deployed, how they integrate with supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and data historian systems, and what results they have delivered in the field.

IOCaaS Architecture and Approach

IOCaaS reimagines the traditional operations center as a service layer that sits atop an operator’s existing automation and IT infrastructure. Instead of building a centralized physical control room, operators subscribe to modular microservices (either cloud-connected or deployed at the edge) that continuously monitor and optimize assets.

These microservices interface with existing SCADA systems, historians, and enterprise resource planning (ERP) databases, i.e., there is no need to “rip-and-replace” legacy systems. Data from wells, compressors, pipelines, and facilities flow into the IOCaaS platform, where AI-driven analytics turn raw readings into actionable insights.

This architecture (Fig. 1) typically involves: field data acquisition from sensors and SCADA, an edge-computing layer for real-time analytics, cloud dashboards for engineers, and integration hooks into maintenance and business planning systems. By building on existing field infrastructure, IOCaaS enables the activation of integrated operations in a matter of weeks to a few months, rather than years.

Fig 1—Schematic of an AI-driven Integrated Operations Center as a Service (IOCaaS) architecture, showing how edge-deployed microservices interface with existing SCADA/historian data sources and cloud analytics to enable real‑time, exception-based management of wells and facilities. Source: OPX Ai.
Fig 1—Schematic of an AI-driven Integrated Operations Center as a Service (IOCaaS) architecture, showing how edge-deployed microservices interface with existing SCADA/historian data sources and cloud analytics to enable real‑time, exception-based management of wells and facilities.
Source: OPX Ai.

Critically, IOCaaS is designed for exception-based workflows. Instead of personnel watching screens 24 hours a day, 7 days a week to catch problems, the system monitors every well and piece of equipment autonomously. Engineers and operators are alerted only when anomalies or suboptimal conditions are detected, allowing teams to shift from reactive firefighting to proactive surveillance.

In Chevron’s Kaybob Duvernay Formation operation and ConocoPhillips’ Montney Formation asset, this translated to a leaner operating model. Field staff could take their eyes off routine wells and focus on higher-value tasks, confident that the AI will flag the exceptions. The end goal was a hybrid intelligence approach that relied on human expertise with guidance from AI analysis. This framework improved both the speed and quality of operational decisions.

Chevron’s Kaybob Duvernay IOCaaS Deployment

Chevron’s Kaybob Duvernay development in Alberta provided a testing ground for IOCaaS in a large, mature asset with legacy infrastructure.

Starting in 2020, Chevron partnered with OPX Ai to deploy IOCaaS across dozens of gas wells, associated compressors, and a central processing facility. The deployment was phased over about 12 months, aligning with the operator’s cautious approach to new technology in a live asset. In the first phase, data pipelines were established from field SCADA and historians into the cloud-based IOCaaS platform.

This included real-time wellhead pressures, compressor statuses, plunger lift cycles, and even maintenance work orders from Chevron’s ERP, all of which were integrated to give the AI a holistic view of operations. The software platform developer’s domain experts worked closely with the operator’s production engineers to configure the AI models to site-specific conditions, e.g., tailoring the hydrate model to the field’s gas composition and pipeline network. By early 2022, the IOCaaS was fully live, effectively functioning as a remote operations center for the asset.

In terms of process changes, the operator achieved a quick shift to exception-based management. Daily production calls and surveillance meetings were augmented with IOCaaS dashboards, highlighting only the wells and facilities that deviated from expected behavior.

For example, one morning the AI flagged an anomalous drop in plunger travel velocity on a single well, a subtle sign of liquid loading. This prompted an operator to intervene hours before that well would have accumulated enough fluid to trigger an automatic shutdown. This type of preemptive action became routine.

The AI artificial lift optimizer also systematically trimmed plunger gas injection on many wells, saving fuel and compressor runtime. Over the first year, the operator recorded a 5% reduction in lease operating expenses (LOE) in the Kaybob asset, attributable largely to lower fuel-gas usage, fewer callouts for hydrate-plug remediation, and fewer unplanned well interventions. By automating routine optimization and preventing problems, IOCaaS lowered the cost of each barrel of oil produced.

In terms of production performance, the field’s decline curve was shallower than in recent prior years. After normalizing for new-drill wells, BOE output was about 6% higher than originally projected, an uplift partly credited to the continuous lift optimizations keeping wells at their ideal operating point longer than was previously possible.

While external factors (i.e., commodity prices and facility debottlenecking) also influenced economics, the oil company’s internal analysis indicated measurable incremental value from the IOCaaS implementation, including the avoidance of an estimated 71,000 BOE of deferred production and several million dollars in cost savings over a 12-month period.

In addition to the quantitative results, the operator’s field and office teams developed a culture that embraced AI-generated recommendations. During the implementation phase, the operator kept humans in the loop by requiring engineers to manually review and approve each AI-recommended action.

As the models proved their accuracy over time, more decisions were automated. By the end of the deployment year, the operator allowed the IOCaaS to autonomously adjust certain gas lift valve set points and regenerate compressor restarts (within safety limits) without direct human approval.

This progressive handover illustrates a pathway to true autonomy, achieved through building confidence in AI.

Chevron’s experience also highlighted integration challenges, including the mapping of the myriad SCADA tags and cleaning years of historical data for training. Technical hurdles required effort but did not require operations to be paused. Because the IOCaaS overlays running systems, much of the setup and training occurred in parallel with normal production.

ConocoPhillips’ Montney Asset IOCaaS Deployment

In contrast to Chevron’s phased implementation, ConocoPhillips adopted the IOCaaS model in its Montney unconventional asset within a comparatively short timeframe. The Montney project, involving a multiwell pad development in British Columbia, progressed from kickoff to full deployment within 4 months.

Several factors enabled this rapid timeline. First, the operator had the advantage of “greenfield” digital infrastructure. The Montney facilities were newer and already had modern, standardized SCADA and data historians, making integration simpler. Second, the software developer leveraged the configurations and lessons learned from Kaybob and other projects, essentially deploying a templated solution customized to the operator’s needs. As a result, the Montney operations team had a functioning IOCaaS portal overseeing its wells and gathering network within about 120 days.

The focus areas in Montney were slightly different. While artificial lift optimization (i.e., gas lift) was used on initial Montney wells, the more immediate concern was flow assurance and facility uptime in a harsh winter climate. The IOCaaS was set to monitor for hydrate conditions, compressor performance, and liquid loading in pipelines.

In January of the project’s first winter, when temperatures plummeted, the system’s hydrate-risk model delivered value by alerting the team to inject methanol at two critical chokepoints. This prevented what would likely have been freeze-ups. Field operators reported that normally they do not necessarily pre-emptively dose at those points, since surface signs of hydrates weren’t yet obvious.

In contrast, the AI pattern-recognition model caught the subtle signs of minor pressure fluctuations and cooling trends that may not have been apparent through human oversight. Additionally, the rotating equipment (i.e., gas compressors) was under AI surveillance for early failure warnings.

On at least one occasion, the AI detected an anomaly in a compressor’s vibration signature and discharge pressure trend that led to a controlled shutdown for inspection. This averted a run-to-failure scenario that could have caused days of downtime.

After 4 months of operation, ConocoPhillips saw measurable benefits. Even with only a partial year of data, the Montney asset team calculated a 3 to 4% production increase above forecast on the AI-optimized wells.

The operator also anticipated it would achieve approximately a 6% uplift as more wells were brought online under IOCaaS optimization. Downtime was significantly reduced, as no hydrate-related outages occurred during the evaluation period. This contributed to an overall reduction in LOE of approximately 5%, supported by fewer emergency callouts and more efficient chemical usage.

The early success led ConocoPhillips to expand IOCaaS coverage to more pads and to evaluate its potential application in another Canadian asset.

The Montney deployment demonstrated the scalability of the approach. By delivering the solution through a service model, the software developer replicated the functionality of a conventional operations center, which typically requires about 1 year to establish, and deployed it in a new asset in roughly one-third of that time. This accelerated implementation provides a potential framework for other operators seeking to achieve similar outcomes without extended project timelines.

Conclusions

The field deployments at Chevron and ConocoPhillips demonstrate that the IOCaaS model has advanced beyond the conceptual stage to become a practical solution delivering measurable operational improvements. Across the initial implementation cycles, the following key outcomes were observed:

  • Approximately 5% reduction in LOE was achieved through efficiency gains, primarily from reduced fuel-gas consumption in artificial lift systems, optimized chemical injection (i.e., applying inhibitors only when required), and fewer unplanned interventions.
  • Average BOE production increased by roughly 6% through continuous well optimization, maintaining wells closer to their ideal operating points than was previously feasible. The cumulative effect across large well inventories represents significant incremental production without new drilling activity.
  • Proactive identification of potential failures and flow interruptions prevented an estimated 71,000 BOE of deferred production. Early detection of issues such as hydrate formation and electrical submersible pump failures helped protect millions of dollars in potential revenue while improving asset reliability and operational safety.

Many of the value gains realized were achieved without major capital projects or new hardware installations. The IOCaaS framework leverages existing field sensors and equipment, with performance improvements derived primarily from enhanced data integration and analytics. These outcomes indicate a strong return on investment, an important consideration in the current cost-sensitive oil and gas environment.

Additionally, instead of adding more dashboards, and by focusing on filtering information by exceptions, IOCaaS improved surveillance efficiency by up to 30% in separate pilots. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the AI-based technology enabled engineers to manage a greater number of wells per person, supporting asset growth despite ongoing workforce shortages in the oil and gas industry.

Yogashri Pradhan, SPE, is chief growth officer at OPX Ai. She previously worked as a lead production engineer at Chevron and has more than a decade of experience in unconventional asset development and production engineering across the Midland and Delaware basins. She is also the founder of IronLady Energy Advisors, a consulting firm focused on technical solutions across the energy spectrum. Pradhan has been recognized as a distinguished alumna of The University of Texas at Austin’s Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering and was named to Hart Energy’s 40 Under 40 award program. She received the 2020 SPE Southwestern North America Regional Reservoir Description and Dynamics and Regional Service Awards, the 2018 SPE International Young Member Outstanding Service Award, and was named Young Engineer of the Year by the SPE Gulf Coast Section in 2018. Pradhan holds a BSc in petroleum engineering from The University of Texas at Austin, an MS in petroleum engineering from Texas A&M University, and an MBA from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. She is a licensed professional engineer in Texas and New Mexico.

Jai Joon is the founder and CEO of OPX Ai, which aims to connect operational complexity with actionable intelligence through AI-based solutions. Before founding the software developer, Joon held engineering roles at Chevron and ConocoPhillips, where he led several digital transformation initiatives. He is the principal architect of OPX Ai’s Integrated Operations Center as a Service (IOCaaS) model and AI-driven strategies for well surveillance and production optimization across North America.