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为了在不可预测的市场空间中保持竞争力，服务提供商公司正在提供技术来保持运营商的竞争力。哈里伯顿和斯伦贝谢比以往任何时候都更加关注数字化和排放管理，权衡了哪些技术被证明在二叠纪盆地最有效。

哈里伯顿认为，一个经常被忽视的技术方面是人工举升的重要性。在拥有大量老井的盆地中，人工举升是保持井正常运行的关键。哈里伯顿目前正在努力引入举升技术，以便为二叠纪运营商提供最佳服务。

与此同时，斯伦贝谢正集中精力通过端到端技术开发来减少二叠纪业务的甲烷排放。通过以客户为中心的方法，该公司为每个不同的甲烷测量项目定制方法，以最大限度地提高排放管理。

哈里伯顿全球技术高级副总裁 Sriram Srinivasan 和斯伦贝谢低碳技术营销经理 Simon Edmundson 与 Hart Energy 一起分享了二叠纪盆地的一些最新技术趋势，以及对该地区的期望未来。

Hart Energy：去年贵公司在二叠纪盆地上游钻探方面取得了哪些进展？

Srinivasan：在钻井方面，Sperry 正在实施 iCruise 的新版本，我们称之为 iCruise X，它是 iCruise 的强化版本，专门针对二叠纪的恶劣钻井条件而设计。它正在中东和二叠纪类似的恶劣条件下使用。还推出了针对二叠纪盆地的专用钻头。

几个月前，我们向二叠纪的操作员介绍了最新版本的全电动压裂装置 [Zeus]。然后我们还引入了二叠纪电网供电的电力压裂。

此外，我们经常可能谈论得不够，但我们的人工举升业务和举升在二叠纪也非常重要，但我们在举升业务中引入了很多新事物：新的ESP [电动潜水器泵]、细长、尺寸较小的 ESP、永磁电机气体分离器。我们拥有对二叠纪至关重要的行业领先的气体分离器。因此，人工举升业务中也出现了很多新事物，这对二叠纪盆地非常重要，实际上对整个北美地区都很重要，特别是对二叠纪盆地。

我认为一般来说，对于所有非常规井来说，升力很重要，因为在下降之后，你必须有升力，而在升力业务中，有两件事很重要。首先，效率始终很重要，而且变得越来越重要。因此，永磁电机等对于提高电梯系统的效率非常重要。其次，气体分离器很重要，因为每当您将气体吸入井中的气袋时（这种情况在二叠纪经常发生），它就会扰乱 ESP 的运行。确实可以减少它的寿命。

Hart Energy：贵公司在二叠纪盆地实施了哪些研发项目？

Srinivasan： SmartFleet 是第一个让操作员在泵送时控制地下的智能系统。它集成了实时地下纤维测量、实时可视化和自动化，以优化骨折放置。SmartFleet 不仅仅是自动处理压力。通过其可视化和自动化，操作员可以自信地即时进行设计更改，以提高集群效率并更好地管理压裂命中。它是一种让操作员掌握主动权的工具，使他们能够更好地控制平台、提高性能并优化井位。

埃德蒙森：虽然我们确实在不断研发符合二叠纪盆地需求的技术，但过去几年我们的重点关注领域之一是旨在帮助我们的客户减少二叠纪排放的技术和产品，特别是那些来自甲烷。

我们最近推出了斯伦贝谢端到端解决方案，即我们的 SEES 业务，旨在与运营商合作，减少或消除甲烷和常规火炬排放。客户还可以使用我们不断增长的过渡技术产品组合，其中包括具有可量化减排影响的技术和服务。

在过渡技术方面，我们最近量化了与分离器相比，我们的 Vx Spectra 表面多相流量计在减少计量应用中的甲烷排放方面的影响。Vx Spectra 消除了在设计上排放甲烷的分离器组件，并且还可以简化井场设置，从而减少无组织排放。避免的排放甲烷排放量取决于所更换的气动元件，但每年每个更换的分离器最多可减少 500 吨 CO _2当量。

Hart Energy：由于 ESG 仍然是生产商和投资者的普遍话题，您在二叠纪盆地看到或实施了哪些数字化趋势？

Srinivasan：我认为[数字化和 ESG] 是两个不同的东西。我们正在通过数字化来改善很多事情，包括 ESG，但它的意义还不止于此。[SmartFleet 中]存在一些间接 ESG，因为如果您优化泵送方式以降低处理压力，则可以节省燃料。所以你燃烧的燃料更少。因此，ESG 受益。

我们使用的很多我们自己的[水泥]并不新鲜，但它是一种非波特兰水泥，称为 NeoCem。传统的固井使用一种叫做波特兰水泥的东西，而制造波特兰水泥的过程会产生大量的 ESG 足迹排放等。通过使用 NeoCem，您就可以消除所有这些。因此，它本质上比普通波特兰水泥具有更好的 ESG 特征。

如果考虑 ESG 影响，压裂作业是排放的最大贡献者。电力压裂可以减少这些排放，但电力并不是万能的。哈里伯顿专注于性能超越的电动解决方案，同时提供使用各种电源的灵活性，包括电网和往复式发动机。 这就是我们为 ESG 所做的创新事情。还有其他一些东西不一定会受到那么多的压力，但同样，要回升，因为每口井都有人工举升系统，而这些东西会消耗大量电力。因此，您知道采取的任何减少措施都会使它们更加高效，从而改善 ESG 足迹。

Edmundson：我们已经成功证明并量化了各种技术对减少钻井时间和减少排放的影响。其中最有趣的一项是我们的 Performance Live 服务。Performance Live 的价值主张是，它是一个远程协作数字生态系统，不仅使您能够远程执行定向钻井操作，还能够自动执行日常任务，并使专家能够在一个地方进行协作，以便能够对操作做出实时决策。

因此，价值主张是我们可以通过利用协作环境来推动这项服务的性能改进：所有合适的专家都在正确的位置，在正确的时间做出决策，将整个钻井过程中的任何问题消灭在萌芽状态。通过让他们全部远程工作，并就二叠纪特定钻井挑战的想法和最佳实践进行交叉协作，我们的钻井团队的能力发展得到了加速。

特别是在二叠纪，我们能够证明 Performance Live 作业可量化地提高了钻井效率，并减少了典型二叠纪侧井长达两天的钻井时间，这相当于钻机排放约 50 吨 CO _{2 。}

针对甲烷和常规火炬的减少或消除，我们的 SEES 业务采用了一个数字平台，可以整合所有数据和测量结果，以便在正确的时间、正确的地点做出最佳质量的战略决策。

Hart Energy：贵公司如何在二叠纪开发排放管理项目？这对贵公司的净零排放和 ESG 目标有何影响？

埃德蒙森：正如我已经提到的，首要任务是减少甲烷和常规火炬排放。甲烷是一种强效温室气体；在20年的时间里，它的全球变暖效应是CO ₂的84倍，而且它受到越来越严格的监管要求。最近，二叠纪地区也有很多围绕甲烷的讨论和活动。你可能会对此持消极态度，但从积极的一面来看，我认为这为我们的行业提供了一个很好的机会，展示我们通过协作和技术解决方案应对挑战的能力，以快速解决甲烷排放源问题。

在全球 SEES 计划中，我们是 Project Astra 合作项目的一部分，该项目位于二叠纪，旨在优化点传感器的使用来检测、量化和定位甲烷泄漏。

您提出的另一个我们经常收到的问题是，“所有这些努力如何与斯伦贝谢的净零排放承诺联系起来？”作为背景，去年，我们承诺在所有业务领域实现净零排放。到 2050 年，排放范围（排放范围 1、2 和 3）。我们实现净零排放的道路包括减少排放以及碳负面行动。当然，我们的技术选择将帮助我们减少自己的范围 3 排放足迹，但我们的主要重点是开发这些减排技术，以帮助我们的客户减少他们的足迹。

Hart Energy：您认为去年哪些工具或设备对二叠纪产生了最大的影响？

Srinivasan：如果你能指出一件事来提高运营效率，那就是同时压裂，因为你使用相同的分布在平台上进行多口井。您要确保最短的停机时间，并优化资产的使用。因此，它是连续工作的，而不是中间有很多停机时间。您同时压裂多口井。

Hart Energy：您预测未来几年什么样的技术或进步将在二叠纪变得更加流行？

Srinivasan：我认为压裂空间将成为事实上的标准；我认为，[它]已经增加了电力、压裂双燃料的使用。

我认为这对我们来说是独一无二的：我们正在推动的是一次性纤维的想法。因此，如果您有光纤传感器并且有多种实现方法，您可以在外壳后面安装光纤，这可能比一次性光纤稍微贵一些。对于更实惠和常规的选择，一次性纤维可以在几分钟内泵入井下，以提供井相互作用和压裂性能的直接测量。将这种实时传感器数据输入 SmartFleet 等智能系统可以优化骨折放置。

我认为这将使我们与众不同，因为我们是唯一拥有它的人，但我认为这就是我们在二叠纪推进的地方。随着运营商看到它的价值，我们预测这将大幅增长。

埃德蒙森：我认为我们将看到甲烷检测和测量领域技术的发展，事实上我们已经深入参与了此类技术的审查和开发。随着我们共同加强对甲烷排放的关注，作为高效测量阵列的一部分，将传感器应用和技术与潜在位置和来源相匹配对于确保我们的行动尽可能有效将变得越来越重要。当然，在定义要使用的检测方法的最佳组合时，这个方程式有一个战略要素，但最重要的是，检测技术越好，我们就能越快地发现和修复泄漏。我们已经在这个领域看到了很多有趣的创新，我预计它在未来几年将成为令人兴奋的领域。

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To stay competitive in an unpredictable marketspace, service provider companies are providing the technology to keep operators competitive. With a higher focus on digitalization and emissions management than ever before, Halliburton and Schlumberger weighed in on what technology is proving to be most effective in the Permian Basin.

A technological aspect that is often overlooked, according to Halliburton, is the importance of artificial lift. In a basin with plenty of older wells, artificial lift is key to keeping the wells functioning properly. Halliburton is working now to introduce lift technologies to best serve Permian operators.

Meanwhile, Schlumberger is focusing its energy on reducing methane emissions in its Permian operations through its end-to-end technology development. Through a customer-centric approach, the company customizes its approach for each different methane measurement project to maximize emissions management.

Sriram Srinivasan, senior vice president of global technology at Halliburton, and Simon Edmundson, low carbon tech marketing manager for Schlumberger, joined Hart Energy to share some of the latest technology trends in the Permian Basin, as well as what to expect from the region in the future.

Hart Energy: What advancements in upstream drilling in the Permian Basin has your company made in the past year?

Srinivasan: On drilling, from Sperry, we are implementing a new version of the iCruise that we call iCruise X, which is a hardened version of iCruise specifically designed for tough drilling conditions in the Permian. It’s being used in the Middle East and similar harsh conditions in the Permian. There are specific drill bits for the Permian Basin also being introduced.

The latest version of our all-electric frac [Zeus] was introduced to an operator in the Permian a couple of months ago. And then we also have introduced in the Permian grid-powered electric fracturing as well.

In addition, we often maybe don't talk about it enough, but our artificial lift business and lift is really important in the Permian as well, but we've introduced a lot of new things in the lift business: new ESPs [electrical submersible pumps], slim line, smaller size ESPs, permanent magnet motors gas separators. We have industry-leading gas separators important for the Permian. So, a lot of new things in the artificial lift business as well, which is important for the Permian for actually for North America in general, but specifically for Permian.

I think in general for all unconventional wells, lift is important because after the decline, you have to have lift and in the lift business two things are important. First, efficiency is always important, but it's becoming ever more important. So permanent magnet motors and things like that are important for increasing improving the efficiency of the lift system. And second, gas separators are important because anytime that you ingest gas into the gas pockets into the well – and this happens a lot in the Permian – it messes up with the operation of the ESPs. It can really reduce its life.

Hart Energy: What kind of R&D projects has your company been implementing in the Permian?

Srinivasan: SmartFleet is the first intelligent system to give operators control of the subsurface while pumping. It integrates real-time subsurface fiber measurements, live visualization and automation to optimize fracture placement. SmartFleet is more than just automating treating pressures. Through its visualization and automation, operators can make confident design changes on the fly to improve cluster efficiency and better manage frac hits. It is a tool that places operators in the driver’s seat, giving them control to better place stages, drive performance and optimize well placement.

Edmundson: While we certainly have ongoing R&D for technologies aligned with the needs of the Permian Basin, one of our key focus areas over the past several years has been related to technologies and offerings aimed at helping our customers reduce their emissions in the Permian, particularly those from methane.

We recently launched Schlumberger end-to-end Solutions, known as our SEES business, which is aimed at partnering with operators to reduce or eliminate both methane and routine flaring emissions. Customers also have access to our growing Transition Technologies portfolio, which includes technologies and services with a quantifiable emissions reduction impact.

On the Transition Technologies side, we've recently quantified the impact that our Vx Spectra surface multiphase flowmeter has in reducing methane emissions in metering applications compared to a separator. Vx Spectra eliminates separator components that vent methane by design, and also results in less complex well pad setups that can also reduce fugitive emissions. The quantity of vented methane emissions avoided depends on the pneumatic components replaced, but it can be up to 500 tons of CO₂ equivalent per separator replaced per year.

Hart Energy: What trends in digitization have you seen or implemented in the Permian as ESG remains a prevalent topic among both producers and investors?

Srinivasan: I think [digitalization and ESG] are two separate things. We are doing digital for improving a lot of things, including ESG, but it's even beyond that. There's some indirect ESG [in SmartFleet] because if you're optimized on how you pump you lower treating pressures, you save fuel. So you burn less fuel. So therefore ESG benefits.

We are using a lot of our own [cement that’s] not new, but it's a non-Portland cement called NeoCem. The traditional cementing uses something called Portland cement, and the act of making Portland cement has a lot of ESG footprint emissions and things like that. By going to this NeoCem, you just cut all of that out. So it's inherently has a much better ESG profile than a regular Portland cement.

If you think about ESG impact, frac operations are the biggest contributors for emissions. Electric fracturing reduces those emissions, but electric isn’t a one size fits all. Halliburton has focused on electric solutions that exceed in performance, while offering flexibility to use various power sources, including the grid and reciprocating engines. So that's the innovative things we're doing for ESG. There are other things which don't receive as much press necessarily, but again, going back to lift because every well has an artificial lift system, and these things consume a lot of electricity. So anything you do to reduce you know make them more efficient improves the ESG footprint.

Edmundson: We've managed to prove and quantify the impact of various technologies to reduce drilling time and reduce emissions. One of the most interesting of these is our Performance Live service. The value proposition of Performance Live is it's a remote collaboration, digital ecosystem that not only enables you to perform directional drilling operations remotely, but also automates routine tasks and enables experts to collaborate in one place to be able to make real-time decisions on operations.

So, the value proposition is we can drive performance improvements with this service by leveraging the collaborative environment: All the right experts are in the right place, making decisions at the right time to nip any issues in the bud throughout the drilling process. Competency development is accelerated within our drilling teams, by having them all working remotely and having that cross collaboration of ideas and best practices of specific drilling challenges in the Permian.

In the Permian specifically, we were able to show that Performance Live operations quantifiably improved drilling efficiency and reduced up to two days of drilling time in a typical Permian lateral well, which equates to around 50 tons of CO₂ emissions from the rig.

Specific to methane and routine flaring reduction or elimination, our SEES business incorporates a digital platform that can consolidate all data and measurements to enable the best quality strategic decisions to happen in the right place at the right time.

Hart Energy: How has your company been developing emissions management projects in the Permian? What impact has that made on your company’s net-zero and ESG goals?

Edmundson: As I’ve already mentioned, top of the list is reducing methane and routine flaring emissions. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas; over a 20-year time period, it has 84 times the global warming effect compared to CO₂, and it's coming under ever stricter regulatory requirements. There's also been a lot of discussion and activity in the Permian recently around methane. You could view that negatively, but on the positive side, I think this offers a great opportunity for our industry to showcase our ability to address challenges with collaboration and technology solutions to quickly tackle methane emissions sources.

Within the global SEES initiative, we're a part of the Project Astra collaborative, which is a project in the Permian that is aims to optimize the use of point sensors to detect, quantify and locate methane leaks.

Another question which you'd posed, and we often get, is, “How do all these efforts tie into Schlumberger’s net-zero emissions commitment?” As background, last year, we committed to net zero emissions across all our emissions scopes—Scopes 1, 2 and 3—by 2050. Our path to net-zero includes both reduction in our emissions across along with carbon negative actions. Of course, our technology options will help us to reduce our own Scope 3 emissions footprint, but our main focus is on developing these emissions reduction technologies to help our customers reduce their footprint.

Hart Energy: What tools or devices would you say has made the biggest impact on the Permian in the past year?

Srinivasan: If you can point to one thing for operational efficiency [it’s] simul frac because you use the same spread to do multiple wells in the pad. You are making sure that there's minimal downtime, and you're optimizing the use of your assets. So it's working sort of on a continuous basis as opposed to having lots of downtimes in between. You simultaneously frac multiple wells.

Hart Energy: What kind of technologies or advancements do you predict will become more popular in the Permian in the next few years?

Srinivasan: I think the frac space is just going to become sort of the de facto standard; [it] already has become, I think, increased usage of electric, frac dual fuel.

This is where I think it's unique to us: [what] we're pushing is this idea of disposable fibers. So if you have fiber optic sensors and there's many ways of doing it, you can have fiber optics behind casing, which may be slightly more expensive as opposed to disposable fibers. For a more affordable and routine option, disposable fiber can be pumped down hole in minutes to provide direct measurements of well interactions and fracture performance. Having that kind of real-time sensor data feeding intelligent systems such as SmartFleet can optimize fracture placement.

I think this is going to be differentiating for us because we are the only ones who have it, but I think this is where we're pushing in the Permian. As operators see the value of it, we predict this will take off in a big way.

Edmundson: I think we'll see a development of technologies in the methane detection and measurement space, and in fact we’re already deeply involved in both vetting and development of these types of technologies. As we collectively sharpen our focus on methane emissions, matching sensor applications and technologies to potential locations and sources as part of an efficient measurement array will become increasingly critical to ensuring that our actions are as effective as they can possibly be. Of course, there is a strategic element to this equation in defining the optimal combination of detection methods to use, but the bottom line is that the better the detection technologies are, the faster we are going to be able to find and fix leaks. We’re already seeing a lot of interesting innovation in this space, and I expect it to be exciting field during the next few years.