勘探与生产运营商在推动直通管部署电动潜油泵 (ESP) 的发展方面发挥了重要作用，特别是在过去 20 多年里，他们采取了重要的内部和赞助举措，旨在开发具有成本效益且更具成本效益的潜水泵。高效的 ESP 部署替代方案。这些举措还旨在改善具有挑战性的油田开发和经济效益。

20 世纪 90 年代末，引入了直通管输送 ESP/螺杆泵 (PCP) 技术，以克服阿拉斯加 West Sak 的生产挑战，其中包括在现场进行无钻机 ESP/PCP“仅泵”更换嗯，在 20 年内节省了 300 多次钻机干预。第一代工具的成功激励人们进一步开发功能进一步增强的完全可回收的贯通管 ESP。其中包括使用标准钢丝/钢丝绳在活井上快速更换 ESP，减少延期生产，并能够在更恶劣的井下条件下保持灵活的 ESP 组件更换。

贯通油管 ESP 的进步
2014 年，AccessESP 将无钻机贯通油管可回收 ESP 系统商业化，其中整个 ESP 将通过活井上的油管进行部署和更换，从而无需进行昂贵的重型修井来更换 ESP，同时提高了油井生产的正常运行时间和油田开发经济学。

该开发还需要与现有的 ESP 基础设施和设备兼容，并提供通向下部完井和储层的全井眼通道，以进行补救/干预工作（清理、测井、安装塞子、射孔等）。

AccessESP 系统由带有管道的外部永久完井管道和穿过管道的可回收组件组成。永久完井的目的是在井中保留较长时间（10 年以上）。运行永久完井类似于运行 ESP，生产油管和电力电缆位于油管柱外部。

侧面安装的永久连接器系统提供电力传输系统和可回收 ESP 组件之间的电气连接。该系统具有 3.8 英寸。一旦通过油管从井中回收 ESP，即可全井进入下部完井（生产区）。隔离套管可用于保护永久湿式连接器坞站在井作业期间免受机械损坏。

可回收的 ESP 组件包括 ESP 组件，旨在通过油管与传统的轻型干预设备在活井上进行无钻探部署。从战略上讲，这是分四次单独运行安装的，这是一种经过验证的部署方法，可确保轻松部署和删除。

AccessESP 专有的永磁电机的重量和长度是传统 ESP 感应电机的五分之一，可通过现场井标准钢丝或钢丝绳操作来更换 ESP。在大斜度和深度超出典型钢丝范围的井中，该系统已使用连续油管 (CT)、电缆拖拉机或抽泵成功部署。

AccessESP 与两家主要勘探与生产运营商共同开发了封装电力电缆 (EPC)，旨在消除 ESP 电缆和连接器故障，实现长达 20 年的完工寿命。EPC 具有耐环境性，导体绝缘层不会暴露于井液中，具有高抗压碎性和机械强度，适用于斜井。预装充油连接器可确保系统的全面可靠性，从而缩短系统安装时间。

案例记录
AccessESP 技术帮助行业运营更安全、更高效。共享案例包括石油工程师协会 (SPE) 和行业出版物：

仅更换 ESP 泵 （SPE-193783 和 SPE-194419 论文）：本案例讨论了在活井上使用钢丝仅更换通管泵，且电机保留在井中。该应用适用于出砂过多影响设备寿命的井。

无钻机井清理，撒砂良好 (SPE-193652)：本案例讨论了现场井清理作业，以恢复使用 ESP 的撒砂和大斜度多分支井的生产（ESP 上方的砂层为 610 m [2,000 ft]）。该操作包括 CT 清理沙子以及 CT 和钢丝的组合来拉动并重新安装 ESP，其中使用保护隔离套来保护湿连接。

无钻机现场井 ESP 调整大小 (SPE-185160)：发现该井的生产率高于估计值，需要扩大系统的功率和容量。与传统 ESP 相比，使用钢丝只需几天而不是几个月即可更换 ESP 系统。

无钻机、活井 ESP 更换以纠正油井问题 (SPE-194412)：ESP 水平放置在占地面积有限的小型海上平台上，并被诊断为存在井下再循环。通过用钢丝和使用紧凑桅杆的井拖拉机更换封隔器，该井已恢复全面生产。

新兴应用和操作实践
运营商可以将气举井切换为ESP，特别是对于海上和远程应用，实现更高的压降和油井生产率并维持运营支出，同时延长油田经济寿命。

此外，通过管式 ESP 可以降低风险、操作时间和不必要的成本，从而优化回流/清理操作。对于保持自然流动的井，无需安装 ESP 即可拆除，从而保持流动路径不间断。如果需要，可以通过管道重新安装 ESP。

结论
贯通管可回收 ESP 提供了经过验证的 ESP 部署选项。AccessESP 技术（包括其电力输送系统）使该行业能够生产偏远和海上油田，从而更经济地降低盈亏平衡成本。

AccessESP 技术已在全球成功部署，解决了 ESP 故障造成的不利影响、相关更换成本以及油井停机造成的生产延期等问题。

通管可回收 ESP 技术应被视为新油田开发 FEED 阶段的一部分，这可能是一种具有成本效益且经济的解决方案，特别是对于海上平台和偏远地区。AccessESP 通过轻微干预，在陆上偏远油井以及西非和亚洲小型平台上成功运行了无钻机 ESP。

E&P operators played an important role driving the development of thru-tubing-deployed electric submersible pumps (ESPs), in particular during the last 20-plus years, with important in-house and sponsored initiatives targeting the development of a cost-effective and more efficient ESP deployment alternative. Those initiatives also were designed to improve challenging field developments and economics.

In the late 1990s, a thru-tubing-conveyed ESP/progressive cavity pump (PCP) technology was introduced to overcome Alaska’s West Sak production challenges, which included a rigless ESP/PCP “pump-only” changeout on a live well, saving more than 300 rig interventions over a 20-year period. The success of this firstgeneration tool provided incentives to further develop a fully retrievable thru-tubing ESP with further enhanced functionalities. Among those were rapid ESP changeout on a live well with standard slickline/wireline, reducing deferred production and the ability to maintain flexible ESP component change-out for harsher downhole conditions.

Thru-tubing ESP advancements
In 2014 AccessESP commercialized a rigless thru-tubing retrievable ESP system in which the entire ESP would be deployed and changed out through tubing on a live well, eliminating the need for costly heavy workovers to replace ESPs while improving well production uptime and field development economics.

The development also needed to be compatible with existing ESP infrastructure and equipment and provide fullbore access to the lower completion and reservoir for remedial/intervention work (cleanup, logging, setting plugs, perforating, etc.).

The AccessESP system consists of an outer, permanent completion run with tubing and a retrievable assembly run through tubing. The permanent completion is intended to remain in the well for an extended period of time (10-plus years). Running the permanent completion is similar to running an ESP, with the production tubing and power cable outside of the tubing string.

A side-mounted permanent connector system provides the electrical connection between the power delivery system and the retrievable ESP assembly. The system features a 3.8-in. fullbore access to the lower completion (production zone) once the ESP is retrieved through tubing from the well. An isolation sleeve is available to protect the permanent wet connector dock from mechanical damage during well work operations.

The retrievable ESP assembly includes the ESP components and is designed to be riglessly deployed through tubing with conventional, light intervention equipment on a live well. Strategically, this is installed in four individual runs, a proven deployment method that ensures ease of deployment and removal.

AccessESP’s proprietary permanent magnet motor is one-fifth the weight and length of a conventional ESP induction motor, enabling ESP change-out through a live well standard slickline or wireline operation. In wells with high deviation and depths beyond typical slickline reach, the system has been successfully deployed using coiled tubing (CT), wireline tractor or pump-down.

AccessESP, along with two major E&P operators, developed the Encapsulated Power Cable (EPC) targeting the elimination of ESP cable and connector failures for up to 20-year completion life. The EPC is environmentally resistant with no conductor insulation exposure to well fluids, features high crush resistance and mechanical strength, and is suited for deviated wells. Oil-filled, pre-installed connectors ensure full system reliability, reducing system installation time.

Documented cases
AccessESP technology helps the industry operate safer and more efficiently. Shared cases include Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and industry publications:

ESP pump-only replacement (SPE-193783 and SPE-194419 papers): This case discusses a thru-tubing pump-only replacement with slickline on a live well with the motor remaining in the well. The application is for wells exposed to excessive sand production affecting equipment life.

Rigless well cleanout, well sanded-up (SPE-193652): This case discusses a live well cleanout operation to restore production on a sanded and highly deviated multilateral well with ESP (sand 610 m [2,000 ft] above the ESP). The operation involved CT to clean up the sand and a combination of CT and slickline to pull and reinstall the ESP where a protective isolation sleeve was used to protect wet-connect.

Rigless, live well ESP resizing (SPE-185160): The well’s productivity was found to be higher than estimated requiring system upsizing in power and capacity. The ESP system was replaced using slickline in days rather than months as compared to a conventional ESP.

Rigless, live well ESP change-out to correct well problems (SPE-194412): An ESP was horizontally placed on a small offshore platform with a limited footprint and was diagnosed with developing recirculation downhole. The well was put back in full production by replacing the pack off with slickline and well tractor using a compact mast.

Emerging applications and operating practices
Operators can switch gas-lifted wells to ESPs, in particular for offshore and remote applications, achieving higher drawdown and well productivity and maintaining opex, while increasing field economic life.

In addition, reducing risks, operating time and unnecessary costs, thru-tubing ESPs can optimize flowback/ cleanout operations. For wells left on natural flow, the ESP is removed riglessly, leaving the flow path uninterrupted. If needed, the ESP is reinstalled riglessly through tubing.

Conclusion
Thru-tubing retrievable ESP offers a proven ESP deployment option. AccessESP technology, including its Power Delivery System enables the industry to produce remote and offshore fields, lowering breakeven costs more economically.

AccessESP technology has been successfully deployed globally addressing concerns related to the unfavorable impact caused by ESP failures and associated change-out costs as well as production deferral from well downtime.

Thru-tubing retrievable ESP technology should be considered as part of a new field development FEED phase, potentially a cost-effective and economic solution in particular for offshore platforms and remote locations. AccessESP is successfully operating rigless ESPs in onshore remote wells as well as on small West Africa and Asia platforms through a light intervention.