我是哈特能源公司的编辑总监乔丹·布鲁姆，我们来到休斯顿举行的哈特美国天然气会议，接受哈特能源现场独家采访。威廉姆斯公司的查德·扎马林 (Chad Zamarin) 也加入了我的行列。公司战略发展执行副总裁。非常感谢您加入我们。

查德·扎马林：谢谢乔丹。

JB：所以现在我们只是在讨论威廉姆斯如何更多地投入碳捕获和储存（CCS），越来越接近那些液化天然气中心。您能否详细说明一下威廉姆斯在碳捕获领域所做的事情以及中游如何扮演如此重要的角色？

CZ：是的，当然。因此，我们在海恩斯维尔盆地拥有良好的资产基础。我们在海恩斯维尔收集了超过 5 Bcf/d 的天然气，我们的目标是将其中很大一部分的产量用于为墨西哥湾沿岸的液化天然气出口提供天然气。我们正在开发收集系统的扩展，以便将大约 2 Bcf/d 的天然气从 Haynesville 转移到液化天然气市场。与该项目一起，我们正在开发在海恩斯维尔盆地捕获 CO ₂的能力，将 CO ₂放入我们输送天然气的同一管道中，将 CO ₂向下移动到管道的南端，去除CO ₂，​​将CO ₂永久置于地下。并将天然气转移到液化天然气接收站，以便我们可以将其出口给世界各地的朋友和盟友。因此，我们认为这是一个很好的例子，说明现有基础设施对于扩大碳捕获和封存等下一代能源技术至关重要。

JB：所以我的意思是，利用这些现有设施，这只是威廉姆斯越来越多地参与 CCS 和其他项目的开始吗？

CZ：是的，我想是的。我的意思是，如果您考虑 CO ₂，​​我们就知道如何通过管道运输产品。我们知道如何在地下储存产品。我的意思是，我们每年在地下储存超过 3 Tcf 的天然气，因此我们知道如何运输这些产品。因此，对于 CO ₂而言，真正的挑战是能否聚集足够的 CO ₂来支持捕获 CO ₂并将其通过管道输送并最终注入并将其永久储存在地下所需的基础设施。因此，我们正在审视我们的足迹，看看我们可以在哪里发挥我们的能力。同样，我们非常擅长大型复杂的基础设施解决方案。我们非常关注天然气，但我们的服务正在提供环境和经济效益，那么我们如何利用这种能力做更多事情呢？CCUS 是我们关注的重点。

JB：非常好。您提到了路易斯安那能源门户和下一代天然气。您能否解释一下为什么低碳天然气对于燃料种类来说比液化天然气出口增长如此重要？

CZ：我们称之为下一代天然气，这个术语实际上指的是天然气业务的从井口到水以及从井口到燃烧器尖端的价值链。我们希望确保我们能够关注如何通过该价值链管理排放，以便我们能够真正关注天然气在世界各地的好处。我的意思是，天然气是一种非常强大的脱碳工具。我们已经在美国证明了这一点。在过去 15 年里，它主要通过取代煤炭发电，成为美国减少排放的最大单一贡献者。但事实是，今年世界燃烧的煤炭将比地球历史上任何一年都多。因此，我们必须确保我们能够解决对天然气价值链的担忧，证明我们通过该价值链管理良好的排放量非常低，这样我们才能真正专注于利用天然气带来的巨大效益。天然气：提供能源、可负担性、能源可靠性和安全性。真正重要的是，取代外国煤炭等碳排放较高的燃料并减少排放，就像我们在美国所做的那样。我们需要在世界各地这样做。

JB：非常好。是的。因此，随着美国下一波液化天然气出口增长，显然将需要更多的天然气基础设施。您能谈谈完成这一切所需的需求和挑战吗？

赵长鹏：是的。因此，我们在整个系统中看到的是，随着电气化程度的提高。我们自己也在投资新技术。我们相信上述所有能源生态系统。因此，太阳能、风能将在未来的能源经济中发挥重要作用，而电气化也将发挥重要作用。但随着电气化、太阳能和风能的普及率提高，我们所依赖的能源的间歇性也随之增加。这些系统继续可靠工作的唯一方法是使用天然气作为间歇性备用电源，当太阳落山、风势减弱时，它可以提供我们所需的资源。这就是今天在德克萨斯州发生的事情。它发生在俄克拉荷马州。我们在德克萨斯州和俄克拉荷马州拥有丰富的风能资源，但随着风速减弱，我们的能源系统继续可靠运行的唯一原因是天然气消耗增加以填补这一空白。

因此，我们必须投资“随着电力需求持续增加、电气化程度提高、液化天然气需求增加”，我们必须建立强大的天然气基础设施以保持可靠性。这是一个挑战。我的意思是，我们刚刚看到一条主要管道在美国获得批准，即山谷管道。花了八年时间。它花费的投资比预期多得多。这需要国会的一项法案。美国最高法院介入后才让该项目得以实施。我们不能让这成为在美国建设基础设施的过程。如果我们想在国内和全球舞台上发挥天然气的优势，我们就必须重新投入建设。我们必须解决许可改革问题，并能够建设管道和基础设施以将其推向市场。

JB：太好了。是的，当你谈论国会法案时，通常你并不是按字面意思说话。

CZ： 这就是字面上的意思。这需要国会采取行动，所以我们必须修正我们的许可程序。

JB：非常感谢您今天接受我们的 Hart Energy Live 独家采访。要阅读和观看更多内容，请访问hartenergy.com。

I am Jordan Bloom, editorial Director at Hart Energy, and we're here at Hart's America's Natural Gas Conference in Houston for this Hart Energy Live Exclusive interview. I'm joined by Chad Zamarin, Williams Cos.' executive vice president of corporate strategic development. Thank you so much for joining us.

Chad Zamarin: Thanks, Jordan.

JB: So now we were just talking about how Williams is getting more into carbon capture and storage (CCS), getting closer to those LNG hubs. Can you just elaborate a bit on what Williams is doing in the carbon capture space and how it's such an integral role for midstream to fill?

CZ: Yeah, sure. So we have a great asset base in the Haynesville basin. We gather over 5 Bcf/d of natural gas in the Haynesville, and we are targeting that production for a large part of it to provide gas for LNG exports along the Gulf Coast. And we're in the process of developing an extension of our gathering system to move about 2 Bcf/d of gas from the Haynesville to the LNG markets. And alongside that project, we're developing the capability to capture CO₂ in the Haynesville basin, put that CO₂ in the same pipeline that we move natural gas through, move the CO₂ down to the southern end of the pipeline, remove the CO₂, put the CO₂ permanently underground. And move the natural gas to LNG terminals so that we can export it to friends and allies around the world. And so we think it's a great example of how the existing infrastructure is really critical to scale up the next generation of energy technologies like carbon capture and sequestration.

JB: So utilizing those existing facilities as well, I mean, is this just the beginning of Williams getting more and more into CCS and other projects?

CZ: Yeah, I think so. I mean, if you think about CO₂, we know how to move products through pipelines. We know how to store products underground. I mean, we store over 3 Tcf of natural gas underground every year, and so we know how to move these products. And so for CO₂, it's really just the challenge of can you aggregate enough CO₂ to support the infrastructure needed to capture the CO₂ and move it through pipelines and ultimately inject it and store it permanently underground. And so we do, we're looking across our footprint at where can we bring our capabilities. Again, we're very good at large complex infrastructure solutions. We're very focused on natural gas, but our services [are] providing environmental and economic benefits, and so how can we leverage that capability to do more? CCUS is something that we're focused on.

JB:  Very good. You mentioned the Louisiana Energy Gateway and NextGen Gas. Can you explain why low carbon natural gas is so important to kind of fuel that LNG export growth?

CZ: We call it NextGen Gas, and that really is a term that refers to the wellhead to water and the wellhead to burner tip value chain of the natural gas business. We want to make sure that we can shine a spotlight on how we can manage emissions through that value chain so that we can really focus on the benefits of natural gas around the world. I mean, natural gas is an incredibly powerful decarbonization tool. We've proven that here in the United States. Over the last 15 years, it's been the single largest contributor of driving down emissions here in the U.S. primarily through displacing coal for power generation. But the fact of the matter is the world will burn more coal this year than any year in the history of the planet. So we've got to make sure that we can address concerns with the natural gas value chain, demonstrate that we have very low well-managed emissions through that value chain so that we can really focus on the massive benefits that we can drive with natural gas: providing energy, affordability, energy reliability and security. And really importantly, displacing higher carbon emitting fuels like foreign coal and driving down emissions, like we did in the United States. We need to do that all around the world.

JB: Very good. Yeah. So with this next wave of LNG export growth in the us, clearly a lot more gas infrastructure is going to be needed. Can you talk about the needs and challenges that are going to go into getting all that done?

CZ: Yeah. So what we've seen across our system is that as you increase electrification. And we are ourselves investing in new technologies. We believe in all the above energy ecosystem. So solar, wind are going to play an important part in the energy economy of the future, and electrification is going to play an important part. But as you increase the penetration of electrification and solar and wind, you also increase the intermittency of the energy that we depend on. The only way that those systems will continue to work reliably is to have natural gas as that intermittent backup that can provide the resource that we need when the sun sets, when the wind slows down. That's what happens today in Texas. It happens in Oklahoma. We have a great wind resource in Texas and Oklahoma, but as the wind slows down, the only reason why our energy system continues to work reliably is because natural gas consumption increases to fill that void.

And so we've got to invest in – as power demand continues to increase electrification increases, LNG demand increases – we've got to have a robust build out of natural gas infrastructure to maintain reliability. And it is a challenge. I mean, we just saw a major pipeline get approved in the United States, the Mountain Valley Pipeline. It took eight years. It took way more investment than was expected. It took an act of Congress. It took the Supreme Court of the United States weighing in to make that project go. We can't have that be the process for getting infrastructure built in the United States. We've got to get back to building if we want to unleash the benefits of natural gas both here at home and on the global stage. We've got to address permitting reform and be able to build pipelines and infrastructure to bring it to market.

JB: Great. Yeah, when you're talking about an act of Congress, usually you're not speaking literally.

CZ:  This is literally. It took an act of Congress and so we've got to fix our permitting process.

JB: Well, thank you so much for joining us today for this Hart Energy Live Exclusive interview. To read and watch more, please visit hartenergy.com.