挪威在主要石油和天然气生产国中处于几乎独一无二的优势地位——它可以利用其丰富的可再生能源资源，特别是水力发电，大幅减少上游生产产生的温室气体排放。该国是改造其资产以使用清洁能源的先行者，目前计划到 2040 年将大陆架排放量减少 70%。该国大多数主要生产基地都位于潜在可再生能源附近的战略位置，有助于摆脱化石燃料。其他生产国在转换资产时可能会面临物流障碍，包括距离大陆较远、缺乏电网基础设施和可再生能源容量有限。

然而，即使只是部分电气化，也能大幅减少排放。优质能源盆地（PEB）——由 Rystad Energy 创造的一个术语，用来描述拥有充足碳氢化合物储量并有可能采用环保做法的石油和天然气盆地——可能是关键。我们已在全球确定了 30 个这样的盆地，它们今年共贡献了全球 80% 以上的石油和天然气，并将持续到 2050 年。如果 PEB 资产实现电气化并将排放量减少 50%，到 2050 年将共减少 5.5 千兆吨 (Gt) 的二氧化碳_排放。根据公认的行业标准计算，这一二氧化碳_减排量相当于在同一时期避免全球变暖约 0.025 °C。 （该计算仅包括上游开采排放。假设排放 222 Gt CO ₂导致气温升高 0.1°C，参考 IPCC AR6 SPM D.1.1：“对 TCRE 的最佳估计是每 1000 Gt CO ₂导致 0.45°C ”。甲烷排放量不予考虑。）

“随着世界面临气候变化的紧迫问题，石油和天然气行业面临着越来越大的压力，需要尽量减少碳足迹，并使其实践与全球可持续发展目标保持一致。在可能且经济可行的情况下，电气化具有降低行业排放量同时保持生产产量的巨大潜力，”Rystad Energy 上游研究副总裁 Palzor Shenga 表示。电气化需要仔细规划，包括选择最佳技术、评估总成本和确保持续能源供应的策略，特别是在电网接入有限的偏远地区。还必须优先考虑经济和财务可行性。积极主动地进行电气化可以提高运营效率，并通过出售过剩的可再生能源开辟新的收入来源。

为了了解电气化对上游排放的影响，我们研究了顶级 PEB 的减排潜力。报告中确定的 28 个 PEB 预计在 2025 年至 2030 年期间可节省约 13 亿吨二氧化碳。_仅前 10 个 PEB（按减排量计算）就占了这些减排量的 80% 以上，其中中东鲁卜哈利盆地（3.7 亿吨二氧化碳当量 (CO2e ₎）和中阿拉伯盆地（2.51 亿吨二氧化碳当量_）位居榜首。如果这些以陆上盆地为主的盆地更广泛地采用电气化，那么电气化将主要通过从清洁的陆上电网获取电力来推动。

燃烧是燃烧无法加工或出售的多余天然气的做法，它不仅浪费了宝贵的资源，而且还向环境中排放了大量的二氧化碳_和甲烷。燃烧在全球排放中扮演着重要角色，这主要是因为缺乏经济激励、监管框架或开发天然气市场和基础设施的技术能力。过去 10 年，全球每年燃烧约 1400 亿立方米天然气，相当于每年约 2.9 亿吨二氧化碳当量^。_这些产量主要来自北美、中东和非洲的主要生产商。因此，避免燃烧是减少电气化资产和电气化潜力有限的资产上游排放的有效方法。

在线阅读文章：https://www.oilfieldtechnology.com/drilling-and-production/19092024/upstream-electrification-could-wipe-out-more-than-80-of-oil-and-gas-production-emissions/

Norway is in a prime position that is almost unique among major oil and gas producers – it can tap into its abundant renewable energy resources, particularly hydroelectric power, to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions from upstream production. The country was an early mover in refitting its assets to run on clean power, and now has plans to cut emissions from the continental shelf by 70% by 2040. Most of the country’s key production sites are strategically located near potential renewable energy sources, facilitating the transition away from fossil fuels. Other producing countries may face logistical hurdles when converting assets, including significant distances from the mainland, a lack of power grid infrastructure and limited renewable power capacity.

However, even a partial electrification will significantly cut emissions. Premium energy basins (PEB) – a term coined by Rystad Energy to describe oil and gas basins with ample hydrocarbon reserves and the potential to incorporate environmentally friendly practices – could hold the key. We have identified 30 such basins worldwide, which collectively contribute more than 80% of the world’s oil and gas this year and will continue to do so until 2050. If PEB assets electrify and reduce emissions by 50%, a total of 5.5 gigatonnes (Gt) of CO₂ would be avoided by 2050. Based on the accepted industry standard calculation, this CO₂ reduction would equate to about 0.025 °C of global warming avoided during the same period. (This calculation only includes upstream extraction emissions. It assumes that 222 Gt CO₂ emitted leads to 0.1°C warming, ref IPCC AR6 SPM D.1.1: "best estimate for TCRE is 0.45 °C per 1000 Gt CO₂". Methane emissions are disregarded.)

“As the world confronts the pressing issue of climate change, the oil and gas industry is under increasing pressure to minimise its carbon footprint and align its practices with global sustainability objectives. Where it’s possible and economically viable, electrification has great potential to lower the industry's emissions while maintaining production output,” says Palzor Shenga, Vice President of upstream research with Rystad Energy. Electrification requires careful planning, including the selection of optimal technologies, assessment of total costs and strategies to ensure a continuous energy supply, particularly in remote locations with limited grid access. Economic and financial viability must also be prioritised. A proactive approach to electrification can enhance operational efficiency and open new revenue streams through the sale of excess renewable energy.

To understand the impact of electrification on upstream emissions, we examined the potential for emission reduction in top PEBs. The 28 PEBs identified in the report offer estimated total emission savings of about 1.3 billion t of CO₂ between 2025 and 2030. The top 10 PEBs (by emissions savings) alone account for over 80% of these savings, with the Middle Eastern Rub al Khali (370 million t of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e)) and Central Arabian (251 million t of CO₂e) leading the charts. Electrification in these predominantly onshore basins, if adopted more widely, would largely be driven by drawing power from a clean onshore grid.

Flaring, the practice of burning off excess natural gas that cannot be processed or sold, not only wastes a valuable resource but also emits substantial amounts of CO₂ and methane into the environment. Flaring plays a major role in global emissions primarily due to the lack of economic incentives, regulatory frameworks or technical capabilities to develop gas markets and infrastructure. About 140 billion m³/y of gas has been flared globally in the last 10 years, equalling about 290 million t of CO₂e emissions annually. These volumes are primarily driven by major producers in North America, the Middle East and Africa. Hence, flaring avoidance can be an effective way of reducing upstream emissions for both electrified assets and assets with limited electrification potential.

Read the article online at: https://www.oilfieldtechnology.com/drilling-and-production/19092024/upstream-electrification-could-wipe-out-more-than-80-of-oil-and-gas-production-emissions/