高效的油藏模拟模型历史拟合仍然是油气行业面临的一项重大挑战。传统方法通常需要计算量巨大的模拟，这些模拟要么由油藏工程师手动完成，要么由将油藏模拟器视为黑箱的算法执行。相比之下，伴随方法能够通过一次反向计算高效地确定所有参数的灵敏度。然而，该方法的实现需要了解用于构建正向模型的偏微分方程，而商业模拟器通常不提供这些信息。

Efficient history-matching of reservoir simulation models remains a paramount challenge in the oil and gas industry. Traditional approaches often require computationally expensive simulations, performed either manually by reservoir engineers or by algorithms that treat the reservoir simulator as a black box. In contrast, the adjoint method facilitates efficient determination of sensitivities to all parameters in a single backward calculation. However, its implementation requires knowledge of the partial differential equations used to develop the forward model, which is not available for commercial simulators.